Dariusz Góra

Malnutrition among result from inappropriate eating behavior that leads to changes in body weight. Consuming excessive amounts of salt, sugar, carbonated drinks, alcohol or inactivity causes overweight or obesity. To prevent malnutrition, it is necessary to prevent nutrition and to motivate prohealth behaviors that should be targeted at a given group of society. Thanks to this, it may limit or even exclude the emergence of eating disorders, which intensify the increase in the incidence of civilization diseases. The aim of the article is an attempt to present selected elements of lifestyle. The survey was addressed to 3rd grade students from 2 public secondary schools (189 boys and 178 girls). A proprietary questionnaire entitled “My health – I care for them” was used for the study. The questionnaire included questions about the diet, forms of spending free time and participation in physical education classes at school. Watching TV is the most common form of spending free time (37% boys and 32% girls). Only 7% of girls and 18% of boys chose participation in sports as a form of spending their free time. 28% of boys and as much as 31% of girls admitted that they do not participate in physical education classes. The type of drinks consumed by students was significantly dependent on their gender. The sandwich is chosen by 31% of boys and 23% of girls. Fruit is declared by 28% of the surveyed girls and only 2% of boys. Research has shown that there are many abnormalities in the diet of adolescents. The widespread belief that a slim figure is an asset nowadays prompts many people to use many slimming diets or fasting, which when used excessively can pose a threat to the developing organism. The respondents also show insufficient physical activity. Students more and more often choose passive recreation, because physical activity does not give them as much satisfaction as playing on a computer.

Introduction. The causes of malignant neoplasms occurring in both children and adolescents remain unknown, but epidemiological and genetic studies have partially elucidated the origin of these tumors. Brain tumors are most common in children under 5 years of age. Mostly adolescents aged 10-14 years develop lymphomas and bone tumors.

Objective. The aim of the article is to discuss the incidence of selected neoplastic diseases in children and adolescents from the Silesian Voivodeship in 2010-2019. The article includes: lymphocytic leukemia (C 91), myeloid leukemia (C 92), cancer of the brain and central nervous system (D 43) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (C82-85).

Materials and methdos. In March 2022, data on the incidence (absolute numbers) of selected neoplastic diseases among children and adolescents from 0 to 19 years of age (divided into age groups: under 1, 1 to 4, 5 to 14 and 15 to 19) life) from the Silesian Voivodeship.Then, appropriate tables illustrating the incidence of the diseases in question were drawn up.

Results. In the age group between 5 and 14 years of age, the incidence of lymphocytic leukemia increased between 2010 and 2013 and amounted to 30 in 2010 and 39 in 2013, respectively. tumors of the brain and central nervous system in 2011, in the years 2012-2014 the incidence was 7 cases per year, and from 2015 to 2019 the nature of the incidence increased and amounted to 8 in 2015 and 19 in 2019, respectively.

Conclusions.One of the reasons adversely affecting the diagnostic and therapeutic process is the rarity of these diseases in the pediatric population, which makes it difficult for GPs to acquire their own professional experience in a short time. The second diagnostic difficulty is the different histological structure of tumors in children and adolescents.