Cezary W. Domański

In Zwierzyniec (Lublin province), a stone commemorates the victory over locusts, which, according to the carved inscription, appeared in Roztocze on 26 August 1711. This date was inscribed during the renovation of the monument in the 21st century, when the previous date – 27 August 1859 – was removed. However, both versions of the date are incorrect. The article presents the history of the monument based on previously unknown sources, identifies the person who founded it, and describes the insect invasion and measures taken to destroy the locusts that, in reality, affected this area in 1860.

In 1913, an article by Anna Wyczółkowska entitled Theoretical and experimental studies in the mechanism of speech was published in the Psychological Review. It contains the results of her studies on internal speech and thought, which had been carried out by the author seven years earlier, in the psychological laboratory of the University of Chicago. John B. Watson was a participant in the study. Wyczółkowska believed that Watson was inspired by her research. Thanks to his participation, he gradually began to move away from his original interest in animal psychology, towards behaviourism. In his Behaviorist Manifesto published in the same year, Watson took, as one of the arguments for the rightness of his programme, the assumption that the thought process is really motor habits in the larynx, improvements, short cuts, changes, etc. According to Wyczółkowska, it was obviously inspired by her research. Her aforementioned article is still cited in the psychological literature today, and belongs to the canon of the most important early experimental studies in the field of research on thinking and speech processes. This text discusses the relationship between the research conducted by Wyczółkowska and some assumptions of behaviourism. Furthermore it presents the story of Wyczółkowska’s life, her scientific work, social commitment to women’s university education, and activities in the Polish American community.