Witold Żukowski

In this paper, the possibility of achieving a stable fluidised bed made of the cenospheres was examined. Cenospheres are the waste material from hard coal power plants. This material is perfectly spherical, and it is thin-walled and filled with gases (mainly CO2, N2). Because of their low density, particle size and sphericity, cenospheres can be easily fluidised even at low flow rates of the fluidising medium. Moreover, the application of acoustic waves during the fluidisation of cenospheres removes the apparent effect of double stationary states and moves the minimum fluidisation velocity into lower gas flow rates.

Obecność amoniaku w popiele (tzw. poślizg amoniaku) jest bezpośrednią konsekwencją stosowanych metod odazotowania spalin – katalitycznej i niekatalitycznej selektywnej redukcji (SCR, SNCR). Stosowany w obu tych metodach nadmiar amoniaku przechodzi w formie nieprzereagowanej do popiołu, pogarszając jego właściwości użytkowe i tym samym wpływając na jego jakość jako produktu komercyjnego. Prezentujemy przegląd dostępnych metod usuwania NH3 z popiołu, chemicznych a także termicznych.Efektywność metod chemicznych zależy od rodzaju zastosowanego substratu i składu popiołu lotnego. Metody termiczne wydają się prostsze i łatwiejsze w zastosowaniu, ale są używane głównie w instalacjach o mniejszej skali.

The controlled nuclear fusion refers to reaction of synthesis of atomic nuclei, which proceed
in temperature of millions K and energy released in the process could support further reactions
and also might be used as a source of electric energy. The paper comprises concept of future
thermonuclear power plant DEMO based on model AB PPCS. The system of power conversion
of thermal energy into electric energy was accomplished and simulated in program CHEMCAD
6.2. A comparison of different type of power plant was made by calculation of amount of fuel
needed for 1500 MW plant, during one year.

Thermal regeneration of bentonite sorbent with application of the reburning, as a method of
reduction of NOx emission, has been presented. It has been proved that in the freebooard above
fluidised bed, it can be achieved significant decrease of NOx concentration in the flue gases,
related to contractual conditions. In the freeboard of the reactor besides reburning it has been
conduced separation of the raw material from regenerated material and pneumatic transport of
solid material achieved from regeneration. It has been revealed that transport processes have no
negative influence on NOx reduction conditions. Heat evolved above the fluidised bed is partly
transferred to the fluidised bed and that facilitates obtaining the thermal equilibrium in the bed.