Katarzyna Nowak-Dzieszko

The airtightness measurements of the system buildings are very important. They allow, together with the infrared tests, to verify all undesirable system joint leaks, which significantly increase the heating energy needs. In the article the results of airtightness measurements of two flats, built in system W-70, were presented. One of the buildings is after thermal modernization. During the leakage tests the system joints were monitored with the infrared camera. Thermograms, presented in the paper, confirmed the assumption about the negative influence of joints on the total building airtightness. Described tests are a pilot studies of the problem and provide the starting point to the further measurements on the statistical level.

Requirements connected with the designing of low-energy and passive buildings impose an obligation to conduct airtightness tests during the building process and after the completion of building works. Proper building preparation is required before initiating an airtightness test. In case of commercial buildings with complicated HVAC systems, the proper preparation may appear to be very complicated and can unfavorable affect the tests results. On the example of tests conducted in the low-energy office buildings in Wrocław, the authors describe the problems met during airtightness tests.

The thermal comfort conditions of multi-family buildings, including large panel buildings, are rarely analyzed. Simulations of large panel buildings conducted by authors in the Design Builder program show very unfavorable microclimate conditions in buildings after thermal modernization. The simulation results of the influence of internal and external shadings on the thermal comfort of dwellings in multi-family large panel building are presented in this article.

It is commonly known that the thermal modernization of existing buildings reduces the energy requirements for heating. In the last twenty years many large panel blocks of flats built in the sixties and seventies have been insulated. In one example of an 11-storey building the heating energy demand before and after thermal modernization was analyzed. The transmission heat losses before and after thermal modernization, including the thermal bridges simulated in AnTherm program, were included in the calculations.

It is estimated that about 4 million flats in Poland are made of prefabricated elements in different systems. Moreover, at present more than 10 million Poles live in system buildings. Despite the commonness of those buildings the analyses of the microclimate of the interior space are very rare. The paper presents the results of the thermal comfort measurements conducted in different flats of multi-family panel building made in W70 system. It appears there is a problem with the overheating effect during the summer months in all parts of the building.

When analyzing large panel buildings, it is very rare to take into consideration the requirements connected with the overheating effect. This issue is closely related to the thermal comfort of the building, especially during the summer months. Based on the simulations conducted in the Design Builder program, the authors determined the influence of building orientation, individual flat location and thermal insulation on the thermal comfort of the different flats of a large multi-family panel building.

When analyzing large panel buildings, it is very rare to take into consideration the requirements connected with the overheating effect. The paper presents the results of the annual computational simulations of thermal comfort conducted for one flat of W70 multi-family large panel building. Basing on the simulations the authors analyzed the influence of night cooling on thermal comfort inside the flat. Different simulation steps were taken into consideration: windows with and without shading systems, opened during entire night or just during given periods of time to keep specific thermal conditions.

When analyzing large panel buildings, it is very rare to take into consideration the requirements connected with the overheating effect. The paper presents the results of the annual computational simulations of thermal comfort conducted for one flat of W70 multi-family large panel building. Basing on the simulations the authors analyzed the influence of night cooling on thermal comfort inside the flat. Different simulation steps were taken into consideration: windows with and without shading systems, opened during entire night or just during given periods of time to keep specific thermal conditions.

The paper presents the results of the annual computational simulations conducted for the W70 panel building. The calculations were carried out in the Design Builder program which allows preparing the simulation of the building envelope as well as the separate parts of the building interior. It is very rare to considerate the requirements connected to the overheating effect in the panel buildings. This issue is closely related to the thermal comfort in the building, especially during the summer months. Based on the conducted simulations, authors indicated the influence of building orientation, individual flat location and thermal insulation on the thermal comfort in the different flats of prefabricated panel building.