Joanna Dudek-Klimiuk

In this paper, the comparison of former and contemporary threats to the value of historic gardens has been carried out. The analysis was based upon the publication of Majdecki, dating back to the 80s and 90s of the 20th c., being treated as a reference to the currently observed negative practices. In this article, verification of the earlier classification of phenomena, constituting a threat to the historic gardens, was suggested. Observations by the authors and scientific publications from the recent ten years have been adopted as the basis for conclusions and syntheses.

In this paper, the history and development of the town of Tychy’s green areas are presented in regard to urban planning and development. Two principal stages of the city’s origin together with the characteristics of the green area objects, as created during the mentioned period are discussed. Due to the scale of undertaking and coherency of planning during the implementation, special attention was paid to the period after 1950. It was the period when the General Plan originated – the plan concept, designed by Kazimierz Wejchert and Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert, where the componential parts of green area system, as resulting from the adopted general compositional-functional assumptions, became one of the constituent elements of the city’s urban layout. Additionally, the process of implementation and the present status of the urban and local community parks as planned in the General Plan are presented here.

In the studies, the subject of the so-called central school gardens which were founded in interwar Poland was undertaken, thinking about the pupils of all schools in a given city, irrespectively of the level of learning. The character of the gardens was determined by the goal they served, as well as by the user for whom they were founded – they were, first of all, demonstration gardens, based on the model of university botanic gardens. From among the whole group of school gardens which were founded in great quantities at that time, they were distinguished by their relatively large scale, often with access for the wider public and by a “park nature”; therefore, their layout, architectonic details, and partly their plant selection, are not only the reflection of the requirements, being imposed by their didactic function but also a picture of contemporary fashion or standards and rules for the design of gardens and parks.

Streszczenie

W badaniach podjęto temat tzw. centralnych ogrodów szkolnych, które zakładano w Polsce międzywojennej z myślą o uczniach wszystkich, niezależnie od szczebla nauczania, szkół danego miasta. Charakter tych obiektów był zdeterminowany zarówno przez cel, jakiemu służyły, jak i adresata, dla którego je zakładano – były to ogrody przede wszystkim demonstracyjne, wzorowane na uniwersyteckich ogrodach botanicznych. Pośród całej grupy licznie wówczas zakładanych ogrodów szkolnych wyróżniają się stosunkowo dużą skalą, często także dostępnością dla szerszej publiczności oraz „parkowym charakterem” i dlatego w ich rozplanowaniu, detalu architektonicznym, częściowo również w doborach roślinnych – odnajdujemy nie tylko odzwierciedlenie wymogów, jakie narzucała ich dydaktyczna funkcja, ale również obraz ówczesnej mody czy norm oraz zasad projektowania ogrodów i parków.