Jan Kania

Threats to school children by hate speech on the internet

The internet is a natural environment for school children. Some of the messages through it are aggression and verbal violence. The aim of the article is to show the phenomenon of aggression and verbal violence on the Internet towards school children and adolescents. The subject of the research contained in the article are school children and adolescents as recipients and victims of hate speech on the Internet. Research problems are questions about the level of online threats to schoolchildren, how the Polish education system prevents this and how it protects children from these threats. In search of answers to these questions, the author used published research data, showing the activity of children on the Internet, He also reviewed the basics of teaching in terms of preparing students to avoid hate speech on the internet.

The basic research methods are document examination and method of analysis and logical construction. The research shows two key conclusions as answers to research problems. First of all, the level of threat to school children and youth by aggression and verbal violence is significant, because every third teenager was a victim of violence or verbal aggression on the Internet. Secondly, the Polish education system did not protect students from these threats. Schools did not teach children proper behavior on the internet.

Media education in shaping the future of mass media

The subject of the contribution is the importance of media education for the future of mass media. The reason for considering this relationship are changes in the media reception. The nature of these changes and the threats posed to the media illustrate the results of research on new patterns of media consumption. The key research question is what and how it can help the media to overcome new challenges. In searching for the answer to this question, research findings and reports on the changing preferences of media recipients and literature studies on the essence of media education were used. The first allowed the identification of the most important threats to the media, the second indicated the special role of media education in counteracting the negative effects of changes. The main areas of interest of media education are: education about the media, education through the media, education for the media. The most important for the future of mass media is the area of education for media, which focuses on the theory and practice of the media. As an integral part of edagogy that deals with the whole-life development of man and his environment, he is to prepare for proper understanding and active use of the media, as well as to support the training of specialists to work in them. Both practical and practical actions have been proposed for the implementation of these two tasks.  

In the Shadow of Google – the Market Value of the Media

Some media organizations are present on stock exchanges that determine their market value. In this way, the Alphabet conglomeration created by Google and Google as the most important part of it has been valued by the New York Stock Exchange for over $500 billion. The value of Google’s brand, Millward Brown, was valued at $229 billion. Most media are, however, out-of-stock, and setting a market value is important to them because of the different transactions they are involved in. Most often they are sold but also shared, indebted, merged, etc. In these transactions, market value is important. Among the various components that make up the value of the media are the so-called intangible assets associated with the name, scale of impact, market position. The theoretical basis for measuring the market value of the media is in the area of interest mainly in media economics, as well as in law, management, marketing, accounting and finance. Four main valuation methods have been developed: cost, market, income, mixed. The most well-known in Poland are the rules for the valuation of the press titles of two scientists Tadeusz Kowalski and Jan Kania and free tools for valuing websites. The demand for valuation will be increasing, and thus the development of their scientific basis. The main research directions, followed by the expected recommendations for valuation practice, are connected with the essence of mass communication, with the changes that take place in it, with the characteristics of the various types of media.