Anna Jakimyszyn

K.u.K.Militar-Kommando Krakau (established as a part of Kriegsgraberabteilung) built 400 cemeteries in Western Galicia. For Jewish members of the Austro-Hungarian Army 15 war cemeteries were erected. This paper presents a short historical overview of Jewish military cemetery from Cracow (Miodowa Street) till 1939. This cemetery (no. 387) was a part of Jewish cemetery from 1804. The article also outlines the creation of the monument, which was built on this cemetery in 1937.

Paper deals with organizations, which were mostly created by the more affluent members of the Jewish community in Lvov for improvement of the hygiene and sanitary conditions of their poorer fellow citizens and medical prevention. The aim of paper is to present their history and characteristics of different forms of assistance, recreation and treatment which the above-mentioned organizations of the Jewish population in Lvov provided in the interwar period (winter and summer camps for children and young people, day camps, the Dębina sanatorium, summer camps for adults, family stays).
 

Moshe Sertels was a son of Issachar and Sarah. He was born circa mid-16th century in Prague. He was a teacher and worked as a translator and exegete. Sertels wrote several texts that attracted wide interest. One of them was a work titled Sefer Beer Moshe, a bilingual commentary on the Torah and five megillot. The construction of the text, its clarity and intelligibility, made it an excellent tool for teaching the Torah in cheders (e.g. such usage of this text was noted in the books of the Cracovian brotherhood Talmud Torah). The article presents the figure of the author and his literary oeuvre with particular focus on the Sefer Beer Moshe as a work that served generations of Ashkenazi Jews to enhance their knowledge of the Torah. The author discusses characteristics of the text and underlines several issues in regard to the Yiddish language in the form that was used in Prague at the turn of the 17th century.

The year 1815 saw the emergence of a new State on the map of Europe – the Free City of Kraków, which, because of its affiliation to the small group of European Republics, was also referred to as the Republic of Kraków. The Free City of Kraków stretched along the left bank of the River Vistula, bordering to the west with the Kingdom of Prussia, to the north and east with the Kingdom of Poland and to the south with the Austrian Empire. Its total surface area was 1150 km², which – apart from Kraków which became the capital – also contained three small private towns, Chrzanów, Nowa Góra and Trzebinia, as well as 244 villages.