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Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)

Publication date: 25.07.2019

Acta Protozoologica, 2019, Volume 58, Issue 2, pp. 53 - 68

https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.19.004.10835

Authors

,
Ľubomír Rajter
Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Eukaryotic Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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,
William Bourland
Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, Idaho, U.S.A.
All publications →
Peter Vďačný
Comenius University, Department of Zoology, Bratislava, Slovakia
All publications →

Titles

Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)

Abstract

The morphology and phylogenetic position of a haptorian ciliate, Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983, isolated from microaerobic sandy sediments of the floodplain area of the Boise River, Idaho, U.S.A., were studied using live observation, protargol impregnation, scanning electron microscopy, and the 18S rRNA gene as  well as the ITS region. The Boise population of P. pupula is characterized by a size of about 60–130 × 20–50 μm, an elliptical macronucleus with a single micronucleus, highly refractive dumbbell-shaped inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated in the anterior body half, a single subterminal/terminal  contractile vacuole, about 10 μm long rod-shaped extrusomes, and an average of 15 ciliary rows. In phylogenetic analyses, the newly obtained sequences from P. pupula and Lacrymaria olor clustered within the family Lacrymariidae with full to moderate statistical support. Neither the genus Phialina nor the genus Lacrymaria was depicted monophyletic both in the single gene and multigene phylogenetic inferences. Specifically, the genus Phialina was shown as a paraphyletic assemblage containing members of the polyphyletic genus Lacrymaria. This indicates that the phialinid bauplan, i.e., an anterior body end differentiated into a head-like structure  directly attached to the trunk, might represent the ground pattern in the family Lacrymariidae. On the other hand, the long highly contractile neck carrying the head-like structure probably evolved later and convergently in multiple Lacrymaria species from Phialina-like ancestors.

References

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Information

Information: Acta Protozoologica, 2019, Volume 58, Issue 2, pp. 53 - 68

Article type: Original article

Authors

Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Eukaryotic Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, Idaho, U.S.A.

Comenius University, Department of Zoology, Bratislava, Slovakia

Published at: 25.07.2019

Received at: 29.04.2019

Article status: Open

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND  licence icon

Article financing:

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-15-0147 and by the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Sciences under the Grant VEGA 1/0041/17.

Percentage share of authors:

Ľubomír Rajter (Author) - 33%
William Bourland (Author) - 33%
Peter Vďačný (Author) - 34%

Article corrections:

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Publication languages:

English