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Wolność i Solidarność

Poland and the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968–1989)

Data publikacji: 2017

Wolność i Solidarność, 2017, nr 10, s. 155 - 223

https://doi.org/10.4467/25434942WS.17.008.13121

Autorzy

Anthony Kemp-Welch
Emeritus Reader, School of History, University of East Anglia, UK
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6876 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Tytuły

Poland and the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968–1989)

Abstrakt

After the Sovietled invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, Moscow began to advance the notion of “limited sovereignty”, soon dubbed by Washington the “Brezhnev Doctrine”. The Doctrine was next debated during the period of Solidarity (1980-81) when Soviet leaders considered the pros and cons of a military invasion. After sixteen months of hesitation, the domestic “martial law” alternative was chosen instead. In the late eighties, Gorbachev advised his Eastern European counterparts that violence was no longer an option and that they should therefore reach peaceful accommodations with their own societies. Jaruzelski was the first to do so.

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Ph. Windsor, A. Roberts, Czechoslovakia 1968. Reform, Repression and Resistance, London 1969
 
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Hungarian National Archives

288.f.5/815.o.e., Report to the Politburo, 8 December 1980 (authorised by Kadar)

Polish Archive of Modern Acts (AAN) in Warsaw

AAN, BIBS Information Bulletin (44) (secret) 10, October 1957

AAN, 237/ XIA/33

AAN, 237/XVI/586, Wydarzenia marcowe, 6 February 1968

AAN, 237/XVIII/319, Walne zebranie Oddziału Warszawskiego Związku Literatów Polskich (29.11.1968)

AAN, 237/VII, Informacja nr. 9/A/4346, Odgłosy na temat ekscesów na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim, 10 March 1968

AAN, KC PZPR, tom 1, paczka 298

AAN, 237/X1A

AAN, KC PZPR, tom 24, paczka 193

AAN, KC PZPR, p. 119, tom 54, Protokół ze spotkania partyjno-rządowych delegacji Bułgarii, NRD, Polski, Węgier i ZSSR (Moskwa 24-26 sierpnia 1968 r.)

AAN, KC PZPR, tom 54, p. 119

AAN, 237/VII/5790 t. 1, KC PZPR: Do wszystkich organizacji partyjnych, 21 August 1968

AAN, 237/VII/5790 t. 1, 21 August 1968

AAN, 237/VII/5790 t. 1, Niektóre fakty i wydarzenia na terenie województw, 23 August 1968, p. 328

AAN, 237/VII/5790 t. 1, Zachowanie obywateli czechosłowackich na terenie Polski, 23 August 1968, p. 313-314

AAN, 237/VII/5790 t. 2, Przejawy wrogiej działalności w kraju, 26 August 1968, pp 364-365

AAN, 237/X1/367, t. 73, Speech to Central Committee, 29 August 1968

AAN, 237/X1/213, 3 September 1968

AAN, 237/V/1816 Protocol no. 13, 18 July 1980

AAN, 237/V/1816 Protocol no. 16, 14 August 1980

AAN, 237/V/1816 Protocol no. 20, 20 August 1980

AAN, 237/V/1816 Protocol no. 24, 24 August 1980

AAN, 237/V/1816 Protocol no. 26, 27 August 1980

AAN, 237/V/1816, 27 August 1980, evening

AAN, 237/V/1816 Protocol no. 28, 29 August 1980

AAN, 237/V/1816, Conference of First Secretaries of the CC PZPR, 16 September 1980

AAN, 237/V/ 3976, (Kania)

AAN, 237/V/2254, Secretariat, 25 October 1980

AAN, 237/V/3982, Kania’s Secretariat, Speech of 16 January 1981

AAN, 237 /V/83, Secretariat, 4 April 1987

The National Security Archive (NSA) in Washington

NSA, Special Coordinating Committee, 23 September 1980

NSA, Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Eric Honecker, 4 November 1980

NSA, ‘Soviet Flashpoints’ Collection, CIA Situation Report “Poland”, 7 December 1980

NSA, Volkogonov Collection, Reel 17, Container 25, Conference with Central Committee Secretaries, Moscow, 15 March 1985

NSA, Chernyaev, Diary for 1985, 5 July

NSA, Chernyaev Diary for 1987, 5 July

NSA, Chernyaev Diary for 1987, 17 September

NSA, Chernyaev Diary for 1988, 24 April

NSA, Chernyaev Diary for 1988, 31 December

NSA, Notes of Anatoly Chernyaev, 10 November 1989

NSA, Excerpt from Anatoly Chernyaev’s Diary, 28 October 1989

Russian state archives (TsKhSD)

TsKhSD, Fond 89, opis’ 42, delo 31, CPSU Politburo, 29 October 1980

TsKhSD, Fond 89, opis’ 42, delo 35, “On the Results of a visit to the USSR”, CPSU Politburo, 31 October 1980

TsKhSD, Fond 89, opis’ 66, delo 37, Protocol of the Politburo CPSU, 3 September 1980

RGANI, Fond 1, opis’ 72, delo 201, 2 September 1968

RGANI, Fond 2, opis’ 3, delo 568, Plenum TsK KPSS 18 Noyabr’ 1981 g.

RGANI, Fond 3, opis’ 72, delo 214, 28 October 1968

RGANI, Fond 89, opis’ 42, delo 36, CPSU Politburo, 22 January 1981

RGANI, Fond 89, opis’ 42, delo 39, CPSU Politburo, 2 April 1981 

Otvechaya na vuizov vremeni, Vneshnyaya politika perestroiki: dokumental’nie svidetel’stva, Tenth Congress PZPR, Warsaw, 30 June 1986

Otvechaya na vuizov vremeni, Politburo, 3 July 1986

Otvechaya na vuizov vremeni, Politburo, 11 July 1986,

Otvechaya na vuizov vremeni, Conversation with Jaruzelski, 21 April 1987

Otvechaya na vuizov vremeni, Conversation with Miloš Jakeš, Kremlin, 11 January 1988

Otvechaya na vuizov vremeni, Politburo, On the secret Soviet-German Protocols of 1939, 5 May 1988

Archive of the Gorbachev Foundation (AGF)

AGF, Fond No. 1, opis’ No. 1, 6 April 1988

AGF, Fond No. 1, opis’ No. 1, 14 July 1988

AGF, Fond No. 1, opis’ No. 1, 25 August 1988

AGF, Fond. No.1, opis’ No. 1, 23 September 1988

AGF, Fond. No.1, opis’ No. 1, 21 October 1988

AGF, Fond No. 3, Dok. 7179, L 1, Dokladnaya zapiska o peresmotre obyazatel’stv po okazaniyu voennoi pomoshchi

AGF, Fond No. 3, Dok. 7179, L 1

AGF, Fond 5, Gorbachev to the Politburo, 26 June 1986

AGF, Fond No. 10, opis’ No. 2, Politburo, Conversation with Rakowski, 12 October 1989

The Hoover Institution at Stanford University

Hoover Archives, Papers of Vitalii Leonidovich Kataev, Box 13, Folder 14

Hoover Archives, Papers of Vitalii Leonidovich

Kataev, Box 13, Folder 14 “Tovarishchu Gorbachevu M.S.” Memorandum No. 242/OS (Top Secret)

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Austin, Texas

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Files of Walt W. Rostow, Box 11, 19 August 1968

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Files of Walt W. Rostow, Box 15, 20 August 1968

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Tom Johnson’s Notes of Meetings, Box 3

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Ranch Meeting, 10 August 1968

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, Cabinet, 22 August 1968

Informacje

Informacje: Wolność i Solidarność, 2017, s. 155 - 223

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Poland and the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968–1989)

Angielski:

Poland and the Brezhnev Doctrine (1968–1989)

Autorzy

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6876

Anthony Kemp-Welch
Emeritus Reader, School of History, University of East Anglia, UK
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6876 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Emeritus Reader, School of History, University of East Anglia, UK

Publikacja: 2017

Status artykułu: Otwarte __T_UNLOCK

Licencja: CC BY  ikona licencji

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