Waldemar Parkitny

The article presents an attempt to use synthetic and partial qualitative criteria to analyse the qualitative workings of railway transport enterprises providing passenger transport on the Kraków–Katowice route. Both cities are capitals of the largest industrial, scientific, cultural, touristic and trade centres in the south of Poland. They are placed a small distance from each other, and thanks to a well developed road and railway net, a quick journey between those cities is theoretically possible.

A choice of studies, which is accurate and consistent with interests, is extremely important. The article presents the results of investigations relating to the motives of candidates for studies called Transportation, being realised at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Cracow University of Technology. The aim of the investigations was to examine this phenomenon. The investigations were executed by the method of questionnaires. They were realised among students of all years of stationary engineering studies (1st degree), that is to say I, II, III and IV year of Transportation studies. They had been preceded with several years of preliminary investigations, which showed interest of about 10–20% of the studied line by I year students. The analysis made on the basis of broadened proper investigations revealed that about 29% of students of all years that were questioned are interested in the studied line.

Disability can cover various areas of people’s activities, but it is primarily associated with difficulties that relate to independent movement. The possibility of free movement is one of the basic human rights. People with disabilities who cannot get to work and take employment, despite a desire to do so, assimilate with the rest of society to a worse extent, do not have the means to support themselves and do not earn national income. From this point of view, programs and activities aimed at maximising mobility and access to various types of places for people with disabilities, including those in public space, are very important. These types of places  include paid parking zones in cities. Their location in city centres provides access to most offices. Due to the fact that they are located in public space, municipalities and city authorities have an impact on their management and on establishing the principles of their functioning. A very important element of this management is  determining  he rules for providing parking spaces in paid parking zones, particularly with regard to the amount of parking fees for disabled people. The article provides an analysis of the management of the provision of disabled parking spaces in relation to paid parking zones in all voivodeship cities in Poland.

Streszczenie
Niepełnosprawność może obejmować różne obszary ludzkiej aktywności, jednak kojarzy się przede wszystkim z utrudnieniami, które dotyczą samodzielnego poruszania się. Możliwość swobodnego przemieszczania się jest jednym z podstawowych praw człowieka. Osoby niepełnosprawne, które nie mogą dotrzeć do pracy i jej podjąć, pomimo tego, że chcą, gorzej asymilują się z pozostałą częścią społeczeństwa, nie mają środków na własne utrzymanie i nie wypracowują dochodu narodowego. Dlatego też ważne są programy i działania zmierzające do maksymalizacji mobilności i dostępności do różnego rodzaju miejsc dla osób niepełnosprawnych. Tego typu miejscami są między innymi strefy płatnego parkowania w miastach. Ich położenie w centrach miast zapewnia dostęp do większości instytucji. Bardzo ważnym elementem tego zarządzania jest określenie zasad udostępniania miejsc parkingowych w strefach płatnego parkowania, w tym w szczególności wysokości opłat za parkowanie pojazdów osób niepełnosprawnych. W artykule dokonano takiej analizy w stosunku do stref płatnego parkowania we wszystkich miastach wojewódzkich w Polsce.

Background. Knowledge about the changing market trends and the ways to identify them is the key to effective business management. The basis of mistaken decisions is a wrong interpretation of information coming from the company. With regard to logistic processes, information on the amount of incurred expenses exhibits some dependencies between them. Therefore, one way of making the right decisions is the use of forecasting models based on time series, which can be used to determine future values of a studied phenomenon. Verification of the obtained results through the determination of average forecast errors can be implemented.

Research aims. The research was conducted to determine the degree of relationship of macroeconomic indicators with the economic parameters emerging in the enterprise. The use of information obtained in this way can be applied to reduce the risk associated with entrepreneurial activity. The utilitarian purpose of this research is defining the correlation coefficient used to determine the extent to which the investigated factors are interdependent and making predictions about the future value of inventory costs.

Methodology. To implement its objectives, critical analysis of literature was applied, analysis of statistical data, a method of determining dependencies between those variables based on the correlation coefficient and the ARIMA method of forecasting based on time series, using advanced autoregression and moving average models. On the basis of the average of relative forecast errors the accuracy of the forecast for future periods can be determined.

Key findings. The main result of the analysis is to obtain information about the influence of macroeconomic factors on changes of the value of the field of logistic enterprises as well as the use of autoregression and moving average models to determine the future size of the variables in the time series. Using the ARIMA model, made on the basis of real plant data forecasts relating to the cost of inventory, showed the suitability of the method for pre-planning of the future logistics trends.