Piotr Obracaj
Czasopismo Techniczne, Architektura Zeszyt 4-A (4) 2015, 2015, s. 169 - 176
https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.297.4700The paper describes the process and effects of two open-air drawing sessions organised by Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Opole University of Technology. The open-air drawing sessions took place in 2013 in Opole and Gliwice, and in 2014 in Pavia. The aim of the sessions was to improve the ability of synthetical and analitical freehand drawing, a comprehensive communication tool, which also simplifies the work with computer. Furthermore, young architecture students had the possibility to broaden their knowledge about buildings and complexes in a wide range of revaluation and revitalization. Students and teachers from architecture and engineering studies from Poland, Italy, Denmark, Spain and Finland took part in those open-air drawing sessions. In this European Union project called “Let’s Exchange HERitage of our CULture – Drawing as a Communication Tool of Students of Architecture/ Engineers from European UniversitieS – HERCULES” freehand drawing was means of cognition and the main goal was to broaden the knowledge of cultural heritage.
Piotr Obracaj
Czasopismo Techniczne, Architektura Zeszyt 4-A (4) 2015, 2015, s. 271 - 277
https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.311.4714The article describes the importance of freehand drawing in the daily practice of an architectural design office. It presents the areas of activity in which freehand drawing is essential as well as those in which its importance has decreased. It presents the function of freehand drawing in communication with both an investor and other entities participating in the design process. The author emphasizes the individual character of every creator’s freehand drawing as well as the easiness and freedom of thoughts expression offered by this tool in daily professional work.
Piotr Obracaj
Czasopismo Techniczne, Volume 3 Year 2019 (116), 2019, s. 51 - 62
https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.19.033.10207The 16th century brought changes in the European theatre. The Teatro Olimpico which was erected in Vicenza continued in the formation of the seventeenth-century theatre built in Parma. It initiated the Italian Baroque Theatre, adopted throughout Europe and later throughout the world. The All’Antica arrangement of stage-auditorium that preceded Teatro Farnese was developed in Sabbioneta, and it was the first attempt to create a theatre of the viewer and the actor. A Baroque theatre hall in Mantua, with its functional capabilities, was ahead of its time. The artists of the Great Theatre Reform were looking for a space that would allow the viewer and the actor to be treated as the subject of performance. The beginning of this approach to theatre was demonstrated by Richard Wagner. Theatre became a place that saw a synthesis of all arts, and Peter Brook most clearly showed it in his performances, notably Mahabharata.
Streszczenie
Architektura teatralna. Synteza sztuk w teatrze
Wiek XVI zapoczątkował zmiany w teatrze europejskim. Kontynuacją Teatro Olimpico wzniesionego w Vicenzie był XVII-wieczny teatr w Parmie. Zapoczątkował on przyjętą w całej Europie, później na świecie, formę Włoskiego Teatru Barokowego. Poprzedzająca Teatro Farnese forma sceno-widowni All‘Antica zrealizowana w Sabbionecie była pierwszą próbą wykreowania teatru widza i aktora. Zachowująca barokowe pryncypia sala teatru w Mantui swoimi możliwościami funkcjonalnymi wyprzedziła epokę. Artyści doby Wielkiej Reformy Teatralnej poszukiwali przestrzeni, które pozwoliłaby traktować widza i aktora podmiotowo. Przecząc sztywnemu podziałowi na świat realny i iluzji, początek takiego myślenia o teatrze dał Ryszard Wagner. Teatr stawał się miejscem, gdzie następowała synteza sztuk wszelkich, co Peter Brook najdobitniej wyraził swoimi spektaklami, w tym inscenizacją Mahabharaty.