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Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa, Polska

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Chinese garden art - a living tradition

Magdalena Latkowska

Czasopismo Techniczne, Architektura Zeszyt 6 A (11) 2014, 2014, s. 241 - 255

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.14.176.3264

The garden art of China is among the oldest in the world; the Chinese garden style has survived in almost unchanged form until contemporary times. The view of life and the customs of China’s inhabitants were affected from ancient times by philosophical-religious systems which also influenced the composition and designation of Chinese gardens, used for contemplation and in searching for internal harmony. They were inspired by the surrounding natural environment and were landscape in nature. This paper presents the main rules for the formation of Chinese gardens and for their arrangement in particular compositional elements.

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„Sozialismus-Pädagogen“ und „Gewissen der Nation“ Schriftsteller aus der DDR und der BRD über die Berliner Mauer

Magdalena Latkowska

Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten, Zeszyt 3 (2014), 2014, s. 231 - 239

https://doi.org/10.4467/23534893ZG.14.015.2968

The article is devoted to the attitude of writers from the GDR and the FRG to the construction and the fall of the Berlin Wall. The reactions in the RFG were varied, but there prevailed protest and indignation with the situation, whereas the GDR writers mostly supported the action of the authorities. Reactions to the fall of the Wall in 1989 were almost completely opposite: there were the writers from the GDR who responded first and protested against the reunification of Germany, receiving some unexpected support from the FRG writers – former critics of the construction of the Wall. This position should be, among others, explained by the popularity of the idea of the „third way“ among the intellectuals from both German countries, as well as by the attachment to the system of those writers who remained in the GDR until 1989.

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