Emma Cunliffe holds a PhD from Durham University, the United Kingdom, specializing in geospatial data and satellite imagery analysis of archaeological sites in Syria. She is a Senior Research Associate with the Cultural Property Protection & Peace Team at the School of Arts and Cultures at Newcastle University. Her current research focuses on the destruction of cultural heritage during armed conflict, examining the reasons for damage, and developing proactive solutions to protect it, with particular focus on the role of the armed forces, and the place of national and international law. She also works for the Blue Shield, an NGO working in heritage protection before and during armed conflict, where she is the international coordinator of the worldwide movement, as well as supporting civil military cooperation and providing subject matter expertise for military training (focussing on cultural property protection, human security, and protection of civilians), as well as advocating for improvements in policy and implementation of heritage protection law.