Andrii Dmytrenko

Historically, the urban situation in the cities and towns of Persia and Algeria was highly specific. The hot dry climate contributed to a street network, which was protected from the sun as much as possible. Climate conditions determined the appearance of houses with flat roofs, small windows and white walls. The entire urban planning system had the main centre - the city (town) mosque. There were smaller mosques in the structure of residential areas, densely surrounded by houses. Just as under the influence of climate a certain type of residential building took shape, these same factors formed a characteristic type of mosque in the housing environment.

Globalist trends have affected even such a conservative sphere as Islamic religious architecture, as it gradually toned down striking regional features, which is explained by the typicality of modern building materials and structures and the international activity of various architectural and construction firms in different corners of the world. Over the centuries, two opposing images of the mosque have emerged - the pointedly magnificent Persian and the fortress-type of Maghreb (typical for Algeria) types. This paper reviews how specific climatic conditions and historical processes influenced the use of building materials, structures and decoration in the mosques of Persia’s and Algeria’s different regions.

Today we observe an erosion of regional features in the form and layout of modern mosques, which are analysed on the basis of the examples given. On the basis of a comparison of authentic mosques and erected by foreigners, it is proved how local features are gradually being eliminated and what this leads to.

The development of particular towns is a factor that determines the economical, social and spatial development of the country. Therefore we turn our attention to it with a critical eye. On 20th October 2015 the government in Poland accepted a bill connected with the Country Town Policy 2023, that is addressed to towns. Its main point is to strengthen towns in their sustainable development, betterment of standards of living and workplace creation. The socio-economical transformation that occurred in Poland in 1989 has caused a lot of changes in the country. In Ukraine it happened in 1991 and it appears that due to various reasons, its transformation seems to be a much longer process and the process has not finished yet. This article focuses on the development of small towns in Ukraine and Poland, which, in currently difficult times, find themselves in a hard and unstable socio-economic situation. This article analyzes the economic, demographic and spatial aspects of small towns in Ukraine and Poland.

Keywords: urban-type settlement (UTS), small urban settlement, creative economy, decentralization, united territorial communities

Streszczenie
Rozwój jednostek miejskich jest czynnikiem, który determinuje rozwój gospodarczy, społeczny i przestrzenny każdego kraju. Dlatego rozwojowi miast poświęca się wiele uwagi. 20 października 2015 r. w Polsce przyjęto uchwałę Rady Ministrów dotyczącą Krajowej Polityki Miejskiej 2023, która adresowana jest do miast. Głównym jej celem jest wzmocnienie miast do zrównoważonego rozwoju, poprawy jakości życia oraz tworzenia miejsc pracy. Transformacja społeczno-gospodarcza, która miała miejsce w Polsce w roku 1989, spowodowała wiele zmian w kraju. Na Ukrainie zmiana nastąpiła w roku 1991, ale, jak się wydaje, z różnych przyczyn przejście Ukrainy na ustrój demokratyczny jest procesem o wiele dłuższym. Proces ten jeszcze się nie zakończył. Artykuł koncentruje się na zagadnieniach rozwoju małych miast na terenie Ukrainy i Polski, które w obecnych czasach znajdują się w trudnej, niestabilnej sytuacji społeczno-ekonomicznej. Poddano analizie aspekty demograficzne, gospodarcze i przestrzenne małych miast na terenie Ukrainy oraz Polski.