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                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>0011-4561</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>Investigations into wastewater composition focusing on nonwoven wet wipes</article-title>
                                    <article-title>Investigations into wastewater composition focusing on nonwoven wet wipes</article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Mitchell</surname>
                                <given-names>Raja-Louisa</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Thamsen</surname>
                                <given-names>Paul Uwe</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-2"/>
                        </contrib>
                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Gunkel</surname>
                                <given-names>Michel</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
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                        </contrib>
                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Waschnewski</surname>
                                <given-names>Jan</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-4"/>
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                                                </contrib-group>

                                                                                        <aff id="aff-1">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>Department of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Acoustics, Technische Universität Berlin</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                                                                                                                                        <aff id="aff-3">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Berlin, Germany</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                                                                        
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Raja-Louisa Mitchell <email>raja-louisa.mitchell@tu-berlin.de</email></corresp>
                                    <corresp id="cor-2">Correspondence to: Paul Uwe Thamsen <email></email></corresp>
                                    <corresp id="cor-3">Correspondence to: Michel Gunkel <email></email></corresp>
                                    <corresp id="cor-4">Correspondence to: Jan Waschnewski <email></email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2017-01-23">
                    <day>23</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2017</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>Volume 1 Year 2017 (114)</volume>
            <issue>2017</issue>
                        <fpage>125</fpage>
                                    <lpage>135</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2017</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                            </permissions>

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    <body>
        &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
	This paper summarizes the problems caused for wastewater systems by changing wastewater composition, especially the increasing use of nonwoven wet wipes and their disposal via the toilet. The nonwoven wet wipes do not disintegrate in the sewer system as paper-based toilet does, but accumulate to large agglomerations that can block the system and clog pumps. This not only reduces the operational safety and stability of the wastewater system, but also costs the operator a lot of money. The paper introduces an approach to estimate the composition of wastewater and presents first results for the city of Berlin.&lt;/p&gt;

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