<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <processing-meta tagset-family="jats" base-tagset="publishing" mathml-version="2.0" table-model="xhtml"/>
    <front>
                        
                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>1642-2511</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>Methodology of surveying small bodies of water in urban areas</article-title>
                                    <article-title>Metodyka inwentaryzacji małych zbiorników wodnych na terenach zurbanizowanych</article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Jakubiak</surname>
                                <given-names>Mateusz</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Panek</surname>
                                <given-names>Ewa</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-2"/>
                        </contrib>
                                                </contrib-group>

                                                                                        <aff id="aff-1">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                                                                        
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Mateusz Jakubiak <email>jakubiak@agh.edu.pl</email></corresp>
                                    <corresp id="cor-2">Correspondence to: Ewa Panek <email>epanek@agh.edu.pl</email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15">
                    <day>15</day>
                    <month>12</month>
                    <year>2016</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>Vol. 15 (2016)</volume>
            <issue>2016</issue>
                        <fpage>135</fpage>
                                    <lpage>142</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2016</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                            </permissions>

            <funding-group specific-use="Crossref">
                <funding-statement></funding-statement>
            </funding-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <body>
        &lt;p&gt;The aim of the article was to present the development of methodology of surveying small water bodies in urban areas. The term “small body of water” is not precisely defined. Most often, it is assumed that the surface of a small water body is up to 1 hectare. In addition to natural hazards, small water bodies in urban areas are subjected to an anthropogenic pressure. In many cases, this pressure leads to a rapid degradation or even a complete liquidation. Urban areas are characterized by a low rate of biodiversity. Therefore, the efforts to preserve the surface of waters are essential for the maintenance of biodiversity and improvement of aesthetic values of the landscape. Surveying of small urban water bodies is extremely important, as it is the first step to take protective measures. The proposed methodology takes into account a number of natural and hydrological parameters as well as potential threats. The methodology was presented in the form of a surveying sheet, including both photographic and cartographic documentation, as well as the descriptive data pertaining to a specific water body and a fragment of its catchment in the immediate vicinity&lt;/p&gt;
    </body>
    <back>
                    <ref-list>
                                                                                <ref id="B1">
                            <label>1</label>
                            <article-title>Akasaka M., Takamura N., Mitsuhashi H., Kadono Y. 2010. Effects of land use on aquatic macrophyte diversity and water quality of ponds. Freshwater Biology 55 (4): 909–922.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B2">
                            <label>2</label>
                            <article-title>Baláži P., Hrivnák R. 2015 Bryophytes and macro-algal growths as a part of macrophyte monitoring in rivers used for ecological assessment. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 416(19). EDP Sciences.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B3">
                            <label>3</label>
                            <article-title>Boix D., Biggs J., Céréghino R., Hull A.P., Kalettka T., Oertli B. 2012. Pond research and management in Europe: “Small is beautiful”. Hydrobiologia 689: 1–9.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B4">
                            <label>4</label>
                            <article-title>Briggs, L., 2001. Creation of temporary ponds for amphibians in northern and central Europe. W: Rouen, K. (ed.), European Temporary Ponds: A Threatened Habitat. Freshwater Forum 17:63–70.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B5">
                            <label>5</label>
                            <article-title>Céréghino R., Boix D., Cauchie H-M., Martens K., Oertli B. 2014. The ecological role of ponds in changing world. Hydrobiologia 723:1–6.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B6">
                            <label>6</label>
                            <article-title>Céréghino R., Ruggiero A., Marty P., Angélibert S. 2008. Biodiversity and distribution patterns of freshwater invertebrates in farmponds of a south-western French agricultural landscape. Hydrobiologia, 597: 43–51.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B7">
                            <label>7</label>
                            <article-title>Chace J.F., Walsh J.J. 2006. Urban eff ects on native avifauna: a review. Landscape Urban Plan 74: 46–69.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B8">
                            <label>8</label>
                            <article-title>Choiński A. 2007 Limnologia fizyczna Polski, Wydawnictwo: Naukowe UAM, Poznań, p. 548.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B9">
                            <label>9</label>
                            <article-title>Cole G.A., Weihe P.E. 2016. Textbook of Limnology, Fifth Edition, Waveland Press, USA, p. 440.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B10">
                            <label>10</label>
                            <article-title>Collinson N.H., Biggs J., Corfield A., Hodson M.J., Walker D., Whitfield M., Williams, P.J. 1995. Temporary and permanent ponds: an assessment of the eff ects of drying out the conservations value of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Biol. Conserv. 74:125–133.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B11">
                            <label>11</label>
                            <article-title>Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat (The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands – Konwencja Ramsarska o obszarach wodno-błotnych). 2002 Dz. U. 1978, Nr 7 poz. 24 i 25.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B12">
                            <label>12</label>
                            <article-title>Dodds W., Whiles M. 2010 Freshwater Ecology. Concepts and environmental applications of limnology. Elsevier, p. 829.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B13">
                            <label>13</label>
                            <article-title>Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (EU Water Directive).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B14">
                            <label>14</label>
                            <article-title>European Environmental Agency (EEA) 2006. CORINE Land Cover (clc.gios.gov.pl).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B15">
                            <label>15</label>
                            <article-title>Evans K.L., Newson S.E., Gaston K.J. 2009. Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages. Ibis 151:19–39</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B16">
                            <label>16</label>
                            <article-title>Ferenc M., Sedláček O., Fuchs R. 2014. How to improve urban greenspace for woodland birds: site and local-scale determinants of bird species richness. Urban Ecosyst. 17:625–640.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B17">
                            <label>17</label>
                            <article-title>Fontana S., Sattler T., Bontadina F., Moretti M. 2011. How to manage the urban green to improve bird diversity and community structure. Landscape Urban Plan 101:278–285.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B18">
                            <label>18</label>
                            <article-title>Grimm N.B., Faeth S.H., Golubiewski N.E., Redman C.L., Wu J., Bai X., Briggs J.M. 2008a. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319: 756–760.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B19">
                            <label>19</label>
                            <article-title>Groffman P.M., Cavender-Bares J., Bettez N.D., Grove J.M., Hall S.J., Heff ernan J.B., Hobbie S.E., Larson K.L., Morse J.L., Neill C., Nelson K., O’Neil-Dunne J., Ogden L., Pataki D.E., Polsky C., Roy Chowdhury R., Steele M.K. 2014. Ecological homogenization of urban America. Frontiers Ecol. Environ. 12, 1:74–81.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B20">
                            <label>20</label>
                            <article-title>Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii, Wytyczne techniczne GIS-3 Mapa hydrograficzna Polski skala 1:5000 w formie analogowej i numerycznej. Warszawa 2005, p. 40.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B21">
                            <label>21</label>
                            <article-title>Hassall, C. 2014, The ecology of urban ponds, WIREs Water, 1, pp.187–206.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B22">
                            <label>22</label>
                            <article-title>Hassell C. 2015. Urban ponds: a management challenge and a biodiversity opportunity. FBA News 64: 6–7.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B23">
                            <label>23</label>
                            <article-title>Janauer A. G., Schmidt-Mumm U., Reckendorfer W.: 2013 Ecohydraulics and Aquatic Macrophytes: Assessing the Relationship in River Floodplains. W: Ecohydraulics: An Integrated Approach, Chapter: 14, Publisher: John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Ltd., Editors: I. Maddock, A. Harby, P. Kemp, P. Wood, pp. 245–259.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B24">
                            <label>24</label>
                            <article-title>Kajak Z. 2001. Hydrobiologia – Limnologia. Ekosystemy wód środlądowych. PWN Warszawa, p. 356.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B25">
                            <label>25</label>
                            <article-title>Löffler H. 2004, The Origin of Lake Basins. W: O’Sullivan P. E., Reynolds C. S. (eds.) The Lakes Handbook: Limnology and Limnetic Ecology, Vol. 1, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 8–60.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B26">
                            <label>26</label>
                            <article-title>Lososová Z., Chytrý M., Tichý L., Danihelka J., Fajmon K., Hájek O., Kintrová K., Lániková D., Otýpková Z., Ŕehořek V. 2012. Biotic homogenization of Central European urban floras depends on residence time of alien species and habitat types. Biol. Conserv. 145:179–184.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B27">
                            <label>27</label>
                            <article-title>Marzluff J.M., Ewing K. 2001 Restoration of fragmented landscape for the conservation of birds: A general framework and specific recommendation for urbanizing landscapes, Restoration Ecology Vol. 9, Is. 3, pp. 280–292.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B28">
                            <label>28</label>
                            <article-title>Marzluff J.M., Shulenberger E., Endlicher W., Alberti M., Bradley G., Ryan C., ZumBrunnen C., Simon U. 2008 (eds.) Urban ecology: An international perspective on the interaction between humans and nature. Springer. New York, USA.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B29">
                            <label>29</label>
                            <article-title>McKinney M.L. 2002. Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. BioScience 52:883–890.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B30">
                            <label>30</label>
                            <article-title>McKinney M.L. 2006. Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biol. Conserv. 127:247–260. 31.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B31">
                            <label>31</label>
                            <article-title>McKinney M.L. 2008. Effects of urbanization on species richness: a review of plants and animals. UrbanEcosyst 11:161–176.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B32">
                            <label>32</label>
                            <article-title>Mitsch W.J., Gosselink J.G. 2000.The value of wetlands: importance of scale and landscape setting. Ecological Economics 35, 1:25–33.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B33">
                            <label>33</label>
                            <article-title>Mizerski W. 2005. Geologia dynamiczna dla geografów PWN.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B34">
                            <label>34</label>
                            <article-title>Oertli B., Auderset-Joye D., Castella E., Juge R., Cambin D., Lachavanne J.B. 2002. Does size matter? The relationship between pond area and biodiversity. Biol. Conserv. 104: 59–70.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B35">
                            <label>35</label>
                            <article-title>Oertli B., Auderset-Joye D., Indermuehle N., Juge R., Lachavanne J-B. 2004. 1st European Pond Workshop “Conservation and monitoring of pond biodiversity”. Archives des Sciences 57 (2–3): 69–71.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B36">
                            <label>36</label>
                            <article-title>Oertli B., Biggs J., Céréghino R., Grillas P., Joly P., Lachavanne J-B. 2005. Conservation and monitoring of pond biodiversity: introduction. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15: 535–540.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B37">
                            <label>37</label>
                            <article-title>Oertli B., Céréghino R., Hull A. Miracle R. 2009. Pond conservation: from science to practice. Hydrobiologia 634:1–9.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B38">
                            <label>38</label>
                            <article-title>Ryszkowski L., Bartoszewicz A., Marcinek J. 1990. Bariery biogeochemiczne. W: Ryszkowski L., Marcinek J., Kędziora A. (red.) Obieg wody i bariery biogeochemiczne w krajobrazie rolniczym. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, pp. 167–181.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B39">
                            <label>39</label>
                            <article-title>Ryszkowski L., Kędziora A. 1996. Mała retencja wody w krajobrazie rolniczym. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu 289: 217–225.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B40">
                            <label>40</label>
                            <article-title>Schwartz S.S., Jenkins D.G. 2000. Temporary aquatic habitats: constrains and opportunities. Aquat. Ecol. 34: 3–8.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B41">
                            <label>41</label>
                            <article-title>Starmach K., Wróbel S., Pasternak K., 1976, Hydrobiologia.Limnologia, PWN, Warszawa, p. 620.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B42">
                            <label>42</label>
                            <article-title>Steele M. K., Heff ernan J. B. 2014. Morphological characteristics of urban water bodies: mechanisms of change and implications for ecosystem function. Ecological Applications. 24, 5:1070–1084.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B43">
                            <label>43</label>
                            <article-title>Steele M.K., Heff ernan J.B. Bettez N., Cavander-Bares J., Groff man P.M., Grove J.M., Hall S., Hobbie S.E., Larson K., Morse J.L., Neill C., O’Neil-Dunne J., Ogden L., Pataki D.E., Polsky C., Roy Chowdhury R. 2014. Convergent surface water distribution in U.S. cities. Ecosystems 17:658–697.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B44">
                            <label>44</label>
                            <article-title>Sun R., Chen L. 2012. How can urban water bodies be designed for climate adaptation? Landscape Urban Plan. 105:27–33.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B45">
                            <label>45</label>
                            <article-title>Sun R., Chen L., Lu Y. 2012. Cooling eff ects of wetlands in an urban region: the case of Beijing. Ecological Indicators. 20:57–64.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B46">
                            <label>46</label>
                            <article-title>Szyperek U. 2005. Rola oczek wodnych jako bariery biogeochemicznej dla spływów wapnia i magnezu ze środowiska rolniczego. Journal of Elementology 10, 4:1083–1090.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B47">
                            <label>47</label>
                            <article-title>Timms B. 2010. Geomorphology of lake basin. W: Likens E. (ed.) Lake ecosystem ecology: A global perspective, Elsevier inc.:203–210.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B48">
                            <label>48</label>
                            <article-title>Tiner R.W. 1999. Wetland Indicators: A Guide to Wetland Identification, Delineation, Classification, and Mapping. CRC Press, p. 418.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B49">
                            <label>49</label>
                            <article-title>Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody Dz.U. 2004 r. Nr 92, poz. 880, z późniejszymi zmianami (The Nature Protection Act).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B50">
                            <label>50</label>
                            <article-title>Ustawa z dnia 18 lipca 2001 r. Prawo wodne. Dz. U. 2001, Nr 115, poz. 1229, z późniejszymi zmianami (The Water Law Act).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B51">
                            <label>51</label>
                            <article-title>Ustawa z dnia 3 lutego 1995 r. o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych. Dz. U. 1995, Nr 16, poz.78, z późniejszymi zmianami (The Act on the Protection of Agricultural and Forest Land).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B52">
                            <label>52</label>
                            <article-title>Westlake D.F., Kvet J., Szczepanski A. 2009. The Production Ecology of Wetlands: The IBP Synthesis, Cambridge University Press, p. 592.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                </ref-list>
            </back>
</article>
