2449-8920
Wydział Zarządzania i Komunikacji Społecznej
Growth Orientation of Women and Men Owners of Micro Firms in The Pomeranian Region
Orientacja wzrostowa właścicieli mikroprzedsiębiorstw województwa pomorskiego w zależności od płci
Wasilczuk
Julita E.
author
Gdańsk University of Technology
Correspondence to: Julita E. Wasilczuk jwas@zie.pg.gda.pl
23
03
2018
Numer 16(3)
2017
293
307
Copyright © 2018
2018
<div id="cke_pastebin">
<p id="cke_pastebin"><strong>Background</strong>. Despite the fact that research on women’s entrepreneurship has been conducted for many years, still many clear answers to questions about the differences between entrepreneurs of both genders are missing. One of the unresolved issues is the performance of women in entrepreneurship. </p>
<p id="cke_pastebin"><strong>Research aims</strong>. The aim of the study is to investigate the growth orientation of microenterprises operating in the Pomeranian region in Poland and to compare its level according to the gender of the owner. </p>
<p id="cke_pastebin"><strong>Methodology</strong>. An index of entrepreneurs’ growth orientation was developed. This index, being a determinant of the company’s growth potential, was based on five indicators: goals and plans of the entrepreneur, innovative activities, investment, and activity in finding sources of funding. The data was gathered by a face to face survey, based on a questionnaire, among microfirm owners from the Pomeranian region – Poland, in 2009 and 2012. </p>
<p id="cke_pastebin"><strong>Key findings</strong>. The analysis of growth orientation of women and men, pointed out that the first showed a lower indicator of it, however again the general conclusions are not so clear. </p>
</div>
[
Ahl, H. (2002). The Making of the Female Entrepreneur. Doctoral Thesis. Jonkoping International Business School.
]
[
Ahl, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Thery and Practice, 30(5), 595–621.
]
[
Audretsch, D.B., Coad, A. & Segarra, A. (2014). Firm growth and innovation. Small Business Economics, 43(4), 743
]
[
Balcerzak-Paradowska, B. (2011). Przedsiębiorczość kobiet w Polsce. Warszawa: PARP.
]
[
Calcagnini, G., Giombini, G. & Lenti, E. (2015). Gender differences in bank loan access: An empirical analysis. Italian Economic Journal, 1(2), 193–217.
]
[
Coad, A. & Guenther, C. (2014). Processes of firm growth and diversification: Theory and evidence. Small Business Economics, 43(4), 857–871.
]
[
Delmar, F. (1997). Measuring growth: Methodological considerations and empirical results. In: R. Donckels, A. Miettinen, Entrepreneurship and SME Research: On its Way to the Next Millennium. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 199–216.
]
[
Dominiak, P., Wasilczuk, J.E., Zięba, K., Daszkiewicz, N. & Sobiechowska-Ziegert, A. (2013). Sektor MSP na Pomorzu w warunkach spowolnienia tempa wzrostu gospodarczego.Gdańsk: Agencja Rozwoju Pomorza.
]
[
Dutta, D.K. & Thornhill, S. (2008). The evolution of growth intentions: Toward a cognition-based model. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 307–322.
]
[
European Commission (2014). Statistical Data on Women Entrepreneurship in Europe. http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.cfm?item_id=7992 (access: 20.05.2016).
]
[
European Commission (2016). Justice. http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/gender-pay-gap/index_en.htm (access: 25.03.2016).
]
[
Fischer, E., Reuber, R. & Dyke, L.S. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 151–168.
]
[
Gawrycka, M., Wasilczuk, J.E. & Zwiech, P. (2007). Szklany sufit i ruchome schody. Kobieta na rynku pracy. Warszawa: CeDeWu.
]
[
Glinka, B. (2008). Kulturowe uwarunkowania przedsiębiorczości w Polsce. Warszawa: PWE.
]
[
Jennings, J.E. & Brush, C.G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the browder entrepreneurship literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 661–713.
]
[
Jones, G. & Wadhwani, D. (2006). Entrepreneurship and Business History: Renewing the Research Agenda. Working paper.
]
[
Kelley, D., Singer, S. & Herrington, M. (2016). Global Entrepreneruship Monitor 2015/2016. GERA.
]
[
Lee, I.H. & Marvel, M.R. (2014). Revisiting the entrepreneur gender–performance relationship: a firm perspective. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 769–786.
]
[
Levie, J. & Autio, E. (2013). Growth and Growth Intentions: A Meta-analysis of Existing Evidence (ERC White Papers; No. 1). Enterprise Research Centre.
]
[
Marlow, S. & Patton, D. (2007) All credit to men? Entrepreneurship, finance, and gender. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6), 717–735.
]
[
McKelvie, A., Brattström, A. & Wennberg K. (2017). How Young Firms Achieve Growth: Reconciling the Roles of Growth Motivation and Innovative Activities. Small Business Economics, 49(2), 273–293.
]
[
Muravyev, A., Talavera, O. & Schafer, D. (2009). Entrepreneurs’ gender and financial constraints: Evidence from international data. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37, 2, 270–286.
]
[
Poggesi, S., Mari, M. & De Vita, L. (2015). What’s new in female entrepreneurship research? Answers from the literature. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(3), 735–764.
]
[
Sabarwal, S. & Terrell, K. (2008). Does Gender Matter for Firm Performance? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Policy Research Working Paper 4704: The World Bank. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network. Gender and Development Group.
]
[
Storey, D. (2016), Understanding the Small Business Sector. Routledge.
]
[
Survey of Business Owners (2016). Census. https://www.census.gov/econ/sbo/historical.html (access: 17.03.2017).
]
[
United States Department of Commerce (1979). The Bottom Line: Unequal Enterprise in America. Washington: United States Department of Commerce.
]
[
Wasilczuk, J.E. (2005). Wzrost małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw: aspekty teoretyczne i badania empiryczne. Gdańsk: Politechnika Gdańska.
]
[
Wasilczuk, J.E. (2015). Płeć a motywacje przedsiębiorcze oraz podejmowane przez mikroprzedsiębiorców decyzje zarządcze. Problemy Zarządzania, 4(56), 115–130.
]
[
Women, Business and the Law 2016 (2016).Getting to Equal Report.
]
[
Zadura-Lichota, P. (2014). Wyniki badania populacji dorosłych – APS. In: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Polska. Raport z badań 2013. Warszawa: Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości, 17–43.
]