<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <processing-meta tagset-family="jats" base-tagset="publishing" mathml-version="2.0" table-model="xhtml"/>
    <front>
                        
                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>1732-8705</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>Aromanian and Romanian – A Lexical-Etymological Analysis Based on Translations of The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Oczko</surname>
                                <given-names>Anna</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
                                                </contrib-group>

                                                                                        <aff id="aff-1">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie</institution>
                                                    <institution-id institution-id-type="ROR">03bqmcz70</institution-id>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                            
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Anna Oczko <email>anna.oczko@uj.edu.pl</email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-12-17">
                    <day>17</day>
                    <month>12</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>Tom 25, numer 4</volume>
            <issue>Tom 25 (2025)</issue>
                        <fpage>329</fpage>
                                    <lpage>342</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2025</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
                            </permissions>

            <funding-group specific-use="Crossref">
                <funding-statement></funding-statement>
            </funding-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <body>
        The paper presents a comparative lexical-etymological analysis of Aromanian and Romanian based on translations of &lt;em&gt;The Little Prince&lt;/em&gt; by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. While Aromanian is traditionally classified as a dialect of Romanian, the analysis highlights significant lexical differences that have developed due to distinct historical, geopolitical, and socio-cultural influences. Romanian has been shaped by prolonged contact with Slavic languages, whereas Aromanian has been influenced primarily by Greek. The study examines Latin synonymy, and the role of borrowings, demonstrating that these languages have followed independent developmental paths despite their common Latin origin. The findings suggest that Aromanian functions as a distinct language contributing to the broader discussion on Balkan- Romance language classification.
    </body>
    <back>
                    <ref-list>
                                                                                                                    <ref id="B2">
                            <label>2</label>
                            <article-title>Saint Exupéry Antoine de, 2006, Micul Prinț, trad. Ileana Cantuniari, București: RAO.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B3">
                            <label>3</label>
                            <article-title>Saint Exupéry Antoine de, 2007a, Le Petit Prince, Paris: Gallimard.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B4">
                            <label>4</label>
                            <article-title>Saint Exupéry Antoine de, 2007b, Njiclu Amirãrush, trad. Maria Bara, Thede Kahl, Neckarsteinach: Tintenfass.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                                                        <ref id="B6">
                            <label>6</label>
                            <article-title>Bara Mariana, 2007, Limba Armãneascã. Vocabular și stil, București: Cartea Universitară.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B7">
                            <label>7</label>
                            <article-title>Bartosiewicz Olga, 2012, “Mały Książę Antoine’a de Saint Exupéry’ego w Rumunii. Analiza porównawcza przekładów Benedicta Corlaciu i Ileany Cantuniari”, (in:) Le Petit Prince et les amis au pays des traductions, Joanna Górnikiewicz, Iwona Piechnik, Marcela Świątkowska (eds.), Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 73–83.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B8">
                            <label>8</label>
                            <article-title>Brâncuș Grigore, 2005, Introducere în istroia limbii române, București: Editura Fundației România de Mâine.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B9">
                            <label>9</label>
                            <article-title>Caragiu-Marioțeanu Matilda, Giosu Ştefan, Ionescu-Ruxăndoiu Liliana, Todoran Romulus, 1977, Dialectologie română, București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B10">
                            <label>10</label>
                            <article-title>Cunia Tiberius, 2000, The Bituli-Macedonia Symposium of August 1997, https://farsharotu.org/on-the-standardization-of-the-aromanian-system-of-writing/ (last accessed: March 20, 2025).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B11">
                            <label>11</label>
                            <article-title>Dahmen Wolfgang, 2025, “‘Și totuși aromâna este limbă’ – Zum Status des Aromunischen zwischen rumänischen Dialekt und Balkanromanischer Sprache”, Quo Vadis Romania 65: 95–112.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B12">
                            <label>12</label>
                            <article-title>Dahmen Wolfgang, Kramer Johannes, 2014, “La Romania sud-danubienne”, (in:) Manuel des langues romanes, Andre Klump, Johannes Kramer, Aline Willems (red.), Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 313– 317.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B13">
                            <label>13</label>
                            <article-title>Escude Pierre, Janin Pierre, 2010, Le point sur l’Intercompréhension, clé du plurilinguisme, Paris: CLE International.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B14">
                            <label>14</label>
                            <article-title>Klimkowski Tomasz, 2021, “Współczesne języki wołoskie”, Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et Studia, 28 (1): 363–394. DOI: 10.14746/bp.2021.28.15.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B15">
                            <label>15</label>
                            <article-title>Metzeltin Michael, 2016, Româna în contrast, o cercetare tipologică, Iași: Ed. Universității “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B16">
                            <label>16</label>
                            <article-title>Nevaci Manuela, 2013, Identitate românească în context balcanic, București: Ed. Muzeului Național al Literaturii Române.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B17">
                            <label>17</label>
                            <article-title>Oczko Anna, 2021, “Aromanian – Language or Dialect? Overview of Historical and Contemporary Opinions”, Romanica Cracoviensia 21 (2): 105–114, DOI: 10.4467/20843917RC.21.011.14066.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B18">
                            <label>18</label>
                            <article-title>Rogalski Andrzej K., 2011, “Socjologia języka”, Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne 5: 38–57.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B19">
                            <label>19</label>
                            <article-title>Sala Marius, 1970, Contribuții la fonetica istorică a limbii române, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B20">
                            <label>20</label>
                            <article-title>Saramandu Nicolae, 2021, Limba română. Originile, București: Ed. Academiei Române.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B21">
                            <label>21</label>
                            <article-title>Saramandu Nicolae, Nevaci Manuela, 2013, Sinteze de dialectologie română, Bucharest: Ed. Universitară.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B22">
                            <label>22</label>
                            <article-title>Tagliavini Carlo, 1977, Originile limbilor neolatine, Bucharest: Ed. Științifică și Enciclopedică.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B23">
                            <label>23</label>
                            <article-title>Todoran Romulus, 1985, “Luceafărul în română și aromână. Componența lexicală”, Anuar de lingvistică si istorie literară 30: 239–245.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B24">
                            <label>24</label>
                            <article-title>Trifon Nicolas, 2016, “Les études aroumaines en Roumanie à l’heure européenne: quelques observations”, Cahiers Balkaniques 44, December 11, 2017, http://journals.openedition.org/ceb/9806 (last accessed: March 18, 2025).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B25">
                            <label>25</label>
                            <article-title>Trifon Nicolas, 2023, Aromâna. Dialect al limbii române sau limba de sine stătătoare. Istoria unei controverse, ed. Alexandru Gica, București: Vremea.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B26">
                            <label>26</label>
                            <article-title>Ungureanu Dan, 2024, Istoria limbii române, Chișinău: Cartier.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                                                        <ref id="B28">
                            <label>28</label>
                            <article-title>Académie française, n.d., Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, https://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B29">
                            <label>29</label>
                            <article-title>Ciorănescu Alexandru, 2002, Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, ediție îngrijită și traducere din limba spaniolă de Tudora Șandru-Mehedinți și Magdalena Popescu Marin, București: Editura Saeculum I.O.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B30">
                            <label>30</label>
                            <article-title>Cunia Tiberius, 2008, Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã (di-aoa sh-vãrã 100 di anj) dupã dictsiunarili T. Papahagi, S. Mihãileanu shi I. Dalametra sh-cu turnarea-a zboarãlor armãneshti tu limbili rumãneascã, frãntseascã shi inglizeascã, Editsii Timpurarã (proschirã) Andreu.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B31">
                            <label>31</label>
                            <article-title>DELR: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Alexandru Rosetti”, https://delr.lingv.ro.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B32">
                            <label>32</label>
                            <article-title>dexonline, n.d., Dicționar explicativ al limbii române | dexonline, https://dexonline.ro.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B33">
                            <label>33</label>
                            <article-title>DIXI: Dictsiunar xiyisitu online a limbãljei armãneascã, http://dixionline.net/.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B34">
                            <label>34</label>
                            <article-title>dlr1: Academia Română, Dicţionarul limbii române [DA], 1913–1949, ediție digitală anastatică în CLRE. Corpus lexicografic românesc electronic, 2021–2022, https://dlr1.solirom.ro/.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B35">
                            <label>35</label>
                            <article-title>dlr1: Academia Română, Dicţionarul limbii române [DLR], 1965–2010, ediție digitală anastatică în CLRE. Corpus lexicografic românesc electronic, 2022, https://dlr1.solirom.ro.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B36">
                            <label>36</label>
                            <article-title>Papahagi Tache, 1974, Dicționarul dialectului aromân general și etimologic, 2nd ed., București: Ed. Academiei Republicii Socialiste România.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                </ref-list>
            </back>
</article>
