2543-7046 (Liberal) Democracy contra Non-Democracy: Some Anthropologically Oriented Remarks Holzer Jan author Masarykova univerzita Brno Correspondence to: Jan Holzer holzer@fss.muni.cz 19 09 2025 Nr 11/2025 2025 11 25 Copyright © 2025 2025 The objective of the paper is to formulate a few observations regarding the tendency to classify political regimes as democratic and non-democratic ones based on essentially anthropological categories of human qualities, with reference to Giovanni Sartori’s or Vladimír Čermák’s approaches. The context of reflection is the current debate on the crisis of liberal democratic regimes and how to prevent the influence and rise of non-democratic regimes, with reference to Timothy Snyder’s approach. 1 Adorno, T., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D., Sanford, N. (1950). “The Authoritarian Personality.” In: M. Horkheimer, S.H. Flowerman (eds.). Studies in Prejudice Series, vol. 1. New York: Harper & Row and W.W. Norton & Company. 2 Almond, G.A., Verba, S. (eds.). (1963). The Civic Culture. New York: Princeton University Press. 3 Baroš, J. (2024). “People Are Born to Struggle: Vladimír Čermák’s Vision of Democracy.” Studies in East European Thought, 76(2), pp. 157–175. 4 Collier, D., Levitsky, S. (1996). “Democracies with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research.” Kellogg Institute Working Paper, 230. 5 Čermák, V. (2017). Otázka demokracie [The Question of Democracy]. Brno: CDK. 6 Erenburg, I. (1963). Pád Paříže [The Fall of Paris]. Praha: Mladá fronta. 7 Fiala, P., Mikš, F. (2000). Rozhovory s Vladimírem Čermákem [The Talks with Vladimír Čermák]. Brno: CDK. 8 O’Sullivan, N. (1984). Fascism. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. 9 Sartori, G. (1987). Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers. 10 Snyder, T. (2017). On Tyranny. London: The Penguin Random House. 11 Zakaria, F. (1997). “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy.” Foreign Affairs, 76(6), pp. 22–43.