<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <processing-meta tagset-family="jats" base-tagset="publishing" mathml-version="2.0" table-model="xhtml"/>
    <front>
                        
                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>2543-6104</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>Wieloaspektowość problemu uzależnień kobiet I mężczyzn</article-title>
                                    <article-title>The multifaceted nature of the problem of addiction among women and men</article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Czerwiec</surname>
                                <given-names>Karolina</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Piątek</surname>
                                <given-names>Karolina</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-2"/>
                        </contrib>
                                                </contrib-group>

                                                                                        <aff id="aff-1">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                                                                        
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Karolina Czerwiec <email>karolina.czerwiec@uken.krakow.pl</email></corresp>
                                    <corresp id="cor-2">Correspondence to: Karolina Piątek <email></email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-03-31">
                    <day>31</day>
                    <month>03</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>Nr 9/2024</volume>
            <issue>2024</issue>
                        <fpage>72</fpage>
                                    <lpage>86</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2025</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
                            </permissions>

            <funding-group specific-use="Crossref">
                <funding-statement></funding-statement>
            </funding-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <body>
        Eksperci nauk behawioralnych uważają, że wszystkie czynniki zdolne do stymulowania człowieka mogą uzależniać; a ilekroć nawyk zmienia się w obowiązek, można to uznać za uzależnienie. Uważają także, że istnieje zarówno wiele podobieństw, jak i różnic między objawami diagnostycznymi uzależnienia chemicznego i behawioralnego (Poikolainen, 2023). Coraz więcej dowodów sugeruje, że doświadczenia kobiet i mężczyzn w procesie zdrowienia również mogą się różnić. Wyjście z uzależnienia nie przebiega liniowo i jest procesem wieloczynnikowym i długotrwałym. Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie różnych podejść do problemu uzależnienia i terapii kobiet i mężczyzn.
    </body>
    <back>
                    <ref-list>
                                                                                <ref id="B1">
                            <label>1</label>
                            <article-title>Abreu Minero V., Best D., Brown L. i in. (2022). Differences in addiction and recovery gains according to gender – gender barriers and specific differences in overall strengths growth. „Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy”, nr 17, 21.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B2">
                            <label>2</label>
                            <article-title>Alavi S.S., Maracy M.R., Jannatifard F., Eslami M. (2011). The effect of psychiatric symptoms on the internet addiction disorder in Isfahan’s University students. „J Res Med Sci.”, Jun., nr 16(6), s. 793–800.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B3">
                            <label>3</label>
                            <article-title>Alavi S.S., Ferdosi M., Jannatifard F., Eslami M., Alaghemandan H., Setare M. (2012). Behavioral Addiction versus Substance Addiction: Correspondence of Psychiatric and Psychological Views. „Int J Prev Med.”, Apr., nr 3(4), s. 290–294.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B4">
                            <label>4</label>
                            <article-title>Andersson C., Wincup E., Best D., Irving J. (2021). Gender and recovery pathways in the UK. „Drugs Educ Prev Policy”, nr 28(5), s. 454–464.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B5">
                            <label>5</label>
                            <article-title>Becker J.B. (2016). Sex differences in addiction. „Dialogues Clin Neurosci.”, Dec., nr 18(4), s. 395–402.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B6">
                            <label>6</label>
                            <article-title>Becker J.B., McClellan M., Reed B.G. (2016). Sociocultural context for sex differences in addiction. „Addict Biol.”, Sep., nr 21(5), s. 1052–1059.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B7">
                            <label>7</label>
                            <article-title>Best D., Edwards M. (2018). International experiences of life in recovery. „Alcohol Treat Q.”, nr36(4), s. 429–436.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B8">
                            <label>8</label>
                            <article-title>Bezrutczyk D. (2024). The Differences In Addiction Between Men And Women. Addiction Center.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B9">
                            <label>9</label>
                            <article-title>Collinson B., Hall L. (2021). The role of social mechanisms of change in women’s addiction recovery trajectories. „Drugs Educ Prev Policy.”, nr 28(5), s. 426–436.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B10">
                            <label>10</label>
                            <article-title>Cornish J.L., Prasad A.A. (2021). Sex Differences in Substance Use Disorders: A Neurobiological Perspective. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B11">
                            <label>11</label>
                            <article-title>Cummings J.A., Jagannathan L., Jackson L.R., Becker J.B. (2014). Sex differences in the effects of estradiol in the nucleus accumbens and striatum on the response to cocaine: neurochemistry and behavior. „Drug Alcohol Depend.”, Feb., nr 135, s. 22–28.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B12">
                            <label>12</label>
                            <article-title>Evans S.M. (2007). The role of estradiol and progesterone in modulating the subjective effects of stimulants in humans. „Exp Clin Psychopharmacol.”, Oct., nr 15(5), s. 418–426.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B13">
                            <label>13</label>
                            <article-title>Grace S., Rossetti M.G., Allen N., Batalla A., Bellani M., Brambilla P. i in. (2021). Sex differences in the neuroanatomy of alcohol dependence: hippocampus and amygdala subregions in a sample of 966 people from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. „Transl Psychiatry”, nr 11, s. 156.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B14">
                            <label>14</label>
                            <article-title>Kleinhans N.M., Sweigert J., Blake M., Douglass B., Doane B., Reitz F. i in. (2020). FMRI activation to cannabis odor cues is altered in individuals at risk for a cannabis use disorder. „Brain Behav.”, nr 10, s. e01764.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B15">
                            <label>15</label>
                            <article-title>Kogachi S., Chang L., Alicata D., Cunningham E., Ernst T. (2017). Sex differences in impulsivity and brain morphometry in methamphetamine users. „Brain Struct Funct.”, nr 222, s. 215–227.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B16">
                            <label>16</label>
                            <article-title>Lim T.V., Ersche K. (2023). Theory-driven computational models of drug addiction in humans: Fruitful or futile?, „Addiction Neuroscience”, nr 5, s. 100066.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B17">
                            <label>17</label>
                            <article-title>Lind K.E., Gutierrez E.J., Yamamoto D.J., Regner M.F., McKee S.A., Tanabe J. (2017). Sex disparities in substance abuse research: evaluating 23 years of structural neuroimaging studies. „Drug Alcohol Depend.”, nr 173, s. 92–98.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B18">
                            <label>18</label>
                            <article-title>Moeller S.J., Tomasi D., Honorio J., Volkow N.D., Goldstein R.Z. (2012). Dopaminergic involvement during mental fatigue in health and cocaine addiction. „Transl Psychiatry.”, Oct., 23, 2(10), s. e176.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B19">
                            <label>19</label>
                            <article-title>Moningka H., Lichenstein S., Worhunsky P.D., DeVito E.E., Scheinost D., Yip S.W. (2019). Can neuroimaging help combat the opioid epidemic? A systematic review of clinical and pharmacological challenge fMRI studies with recommendations for future research. „Neuropsychopharmacology”, nr 44, s. 259–273.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B20">
                            <label>20</label>
                            <article-title>NIDA, (2022), May 4. Sex and Gender Differences in Substance Use. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/substance-use-in-women/sex-gender-differences-in-substance-use [dostęp: 12.05.2024].</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B21">
                            <label>21</label>
                            <article-title>Phillips L. (2023). The Role of Education in Recovery, 3, 27.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B22">
                            <label>22</label>
                            <article-title>Poikolainen K. (2023). A new paradigm for addictions. „Alcohol Alcohol.”, Sep., 9, nr 58(5), s. 512–514.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B23">
                            <label>23</label>
                            <article-title>Rossetti M.G., Patalay P., Mackey S., Allen N.B., Batalla A., Bellani M. i in. (2021).Gender-related neuroanatomical differences in alcohol dependence: findings from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. „Neuroimage Clin.”, nr 30, s. 102636.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B24">
                            <label>24</label>
                            <article-title>Schamp J., Simonis S., Roets G., Van Havere T., Gremeaux L., Vanderplasschen W. (2021). Women’s views on barriers and facilitators for seeking alcohol and drug treatment in Belgium. „Nordic Stud Alcohol Drugs.”, nr 38(2), s. 175–189.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B25">
                            <label>25</label>
                            <article-title>Shan Q., Ge M., Christie M.J., Balleine B.W. (2014). The acquisition of goal-directed actions generates opposing plasticity in direct and indirect pathways in dorsomedial striatum. „J Neurosci.”, Jul., 9, nr 34(28), s. 9196–9201. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0313-14.2014.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B26">
                            <label>26</label>
                            <article-title>Staddon P. (2015). Women and alcohol: Social perspectives. W: Policy Press.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B27">
                            <label>27</label>
                            <article-title>Tweed E., Miller R., Matheson C.I. (2018). Why are drug-related deaths among women increasing in Scotland? A scoping of possible explanations. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B28">
                            <label>28</label>
                            <article-title>Topiwala A., Allan C.L., Valkanova V., Zsoldos E., Filippini N., Sexton C. i in. (2017). Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study. „BMJ”, nr 357, s. j2353.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B29">
                            <label>29</label>
                            <article-title>Van Steenberghe T., Vanderplasschen W., Bellaert L., De Maeyer J. (2021). Photovoicing interconnected sources of recovery capital of women with a drug use history. „Drugs Educ Prev Policy.”, nr 28(5), s. 411–425.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B30">
                            <label>30</label>
                            <article-title>Volkow N. (2020). How Science Has Revolutionized the Understanding of Drug Addiction. National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B31">
                            <label>31</label>
                            <article-title>Wen X., Du Z., Wang Z., Xu Y., Wang K., Yu D., Liu J., Yuan K. (2023). Medicine-engineering interdisciplinary researches for addiction: Opportunities and challenges. „Meta-Radiology”, 1, 2.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B32">
                            <label>32</label>
                            <article-title>White W.L. (2007). Addiction recovery: Its definition and conceptual boundaries. „J Subst Abus Treat.”, nr 33(3), s. 229–241.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B33">
                            <label>33</label>
                            <article-title>Young K.S. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. „Cyberpsychol Behav.”, Oct., nr 10(5), s. 671–679.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                </ref-list>
            </back>
</article>
