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    <front>
                        
                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>1230-7483</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>Interpretation of differences in a comparative analysis of handwriting</article-title>
                                    <article-title>Problematyka interpretacji różnic w badaniach porównawczych pisma ręcznego</article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Dziechciaruk</surname>
                                <given-names>Janusz</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
                                                </contrib-group>

                        
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Janusz Dziechciaruk <email>j.dziechciaruk@vp.pl</email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2024-01-11">
                    <day>11</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>134</volume>
            <issue>2023</issue>
                        <fpage>133</fpage>
                                    <lpage>141</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2024</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
                            </permissions>

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    <body>
        &lt;p&gt;According to experts’ opinion which was also confirmed by many different experiments on handwriting, most errors made by document examiners result from a misjudgment (or misinterpretation) in the significance of a difference found between the questioned and exemplar materials. The article introduces a number of ideas for improving methodology for examination of handwriting, especially how to understand one of the main principles respecting writing identification that a writer cannot ameliorate his maximum writing ability or skill without effort, practice and/or training over a period of time, or how to prepare writing standards for examination of distorted writing.&lt;/p&gt;
    </body>
    <back>
                    <ref-list>
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                            <article-title>2. Huber, R. A., Headrick, A. M. (1999). Handwriting identification: Facts and fundamentals. Boca Raton: CRC Press.</article-title>
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            </back>
</article>
