%0 Journal Article
%T Martyrdom and enslavement of the Russian Orthodox Church (1917-1970)
%A Radwan, Marian
%J Sympozjum
%V 2021 - Volume XXV
%R 10.4467/25443283SYM.21.024.14704
%N Issue 2 (41)
%P 167-221
%K The Russian Orthodox Sobor (1917-1918), The Council of the Russian Orthodox Church Affairs, Tichon Biełławin, Sergiej Stragorodzki, Aleksiej Szymański, Piotr Polańskij, Cyryl Smirnow, Józef Petrowych, Georgij Karpow, Włodzimierz Kurojedow, Ewgenij Tuczkow
%@ 2543-5442
%D 2021
%U https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/sympozjum/article/meczenstwo-i-zniewolenie-rosyjskiej-cerkwi-prawoslawnej-w-latach-1917-1970
%X 
	 The Russian Orthodox Church was deprived of a patriarch by the tsar Peter I the Great in 1721 and since then had been ruled by every next monarch. The position of a patriarch was restored in 1917, when the Synod chose Tikhon Biellavin (died in 1925), by secret voting. When the Russian Provisional Government was overthrown by bolsheviks, the new government started to subordinate the Orthodox Church. There were many attempts of destroying the Orthodox Church by pro-government religious groups, deceptional taking over the Orthodox administration, accusing the Patriarch Tikhon, and executing people defending churches during sacral pretiosas depriving action. The Orthodox Church’s independence was cut short in 1927 after the so-called Declaration of Metropolitan Sergei Stragorodski was published. Since then, his opponents had been persecuted, and his supporters had got promoted. The process of the Russian Orthodox Church enslavement ended when the Council of the Russian Orthodox Church Affairs with the security service officer Karpow as a director was established. The Council had its impact on the election of patriarchs Stragorodski and Simansky and bishops nominations. Orthodox churches, theological schools, monasteries, were liquidated massively, the 169 Męczeństwo i zniewolenie Rosyjskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej w latach 1917-1970 number of dioceses was reduced, as well. On the Karpov’s and the government order, there was an unsuccessful attempt of establishing the Orthodox Vatican in Moscow. Patriarchs Stragorodsky and Simansky ruled according to governmental demands, not faithful people’s needs.