Abad-Santos A. 2017. Jackie Kennedy’s strange, elegant accent, explained by linguists. – Vox 7 February 2017. [https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/2/7/14442410/jackie-kennedy-accent-natalie-portman; accessed: 16 August 2021]. Aschmann R. 2018. American English dialects. [https://aschmann.net/AmEng/; accessed: 16 August 2021]. Bartoń K. 2020. MuMIn: Multi-model inference. R package version 1.43.17. [https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn; accessed: 14 November 2021]. Bates D., Mächler M., Bolker B., Walker S. 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. – Journal of Statistical Software 67.1: 1–48. Beaman K.V., Buchstaller I. (eds.). 2021. Language variation and language change across the lifespan: Theoretical and empirical perspectives from panel studies. New York: Routlege. Boberg C. 2018. New York City English in film: Phonological change in reel time. – American Speech 93.2: 153–185. Boberg C. 2020. Diva diction: Hollywood’s leading ladies and the rise of General American English. – American Speech 95.4: 441–484. Boberg C. (forthcoming). Accent in North American film and television: A sociophonetic analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Preview; https://books.google.pl/books?id=h2lHEAAAQBAJ; accessed: 24 November 2021]. Boersma P., Weenink D. 2021. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. [Computer program. Version 6.1.41; https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/; accessed: 25 March 2021]. Bonfiglio T.P. 2002. Race and the rise of Standard American. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. Brandenburg E. 1949. The preparation of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s speeches. – Quarterly Journal of Speech 35.2: 214–221. Brandenburg E., Braden W.W. 1952. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s voice and pronunciation. – Quarterly Journal of Speech 38.1: 23–30. Bulgin J., De Decker P., Nycz J. 2010. Reliability of formant measurements from lossy compressed audio. [Poster presented at The British Association of Academic Phoneticians Colloquium, University of Westminster; https://research.library.mun.ca/684/; accessed: 12 October 2021]. Coggshall E.L. 2017. Short-a in the sixth borough: A sociophonetic analysis of a complex phonological system in Jersey City. [PhD Diss., New York University]. De Angulo J. 1933. lak əv əmɛɹɪkn tɛksts. – Le Maître Phonétique 48.41: 12–13. Deacon D. 2007. World English? How an Australian invented ‘Good American Speech’. – Deacon D., Damousi J. (eds.). Talking and listening in the age of modernity: Essays on the history of sound. Canberra: ANU Press: 73–82. Elliott N.C. 2000. A sociolinguistic study of rhoticity in American film speech from the 1930s to the 1970s. [PhD Diss., Indiana University]. Fallows J. 2015a. Language mystery redux: Who was the last American to speak this way?. –The Atlantic, 6 June 2015. [http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/06/language-mystery-redux-who-exactly-was-the-last-american-to-speak-like-this/395090/;accessed: 18 November 2021]. Fallows J. 2015b. That weirdo announcer-voice accent: Where it came from and why it went away. – The Atlantic, 8 June 2015. [https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/06/that-weirdo-announcer-voice-accent-where-it-came-from-and-why-it-went-away/395141/; accessed: 18 November 2021]. FDR = Presidential Library and Museum. n.d. FDR Audio Recordings. [https://www.fdrlibrary.org/utterancesfdr; accessed: 31 March 2021]. Grandgent C.H. 1899. From Franklin to Lowell. A century of New England pronunciation. – Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 14.2: 207–239. Harrington J. 2006. An acoustic analysis of ‘happy-tensing’ in the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts. – Journal of Phonetics 34.4: 439–457. Harrington J. 2007. Evidence for a relationship between synchronic variability and diachronic change in the Queen’s annual Christmas broadcasts. – Laboratory Phonology 9: 125–144. Harrington J., Palethorpe S., Watson C. 2000. Monophthongal vowel changes in Received Pronunciation: An acoustic analysis of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts. – Journal of the International Phonetic Association 30.1–2: 63–78. Harrington J., Palethorpe S., Watson C. 2005. Deepening or lessening the divide between diphthongs: An analysis of the Queen’s annual Christmas broadcasts. – Hardcastle W.J., Beck J.M. (eds.). A figure of speech. Mahwah (NJ): LEA: 227–261. Hickey R. (ed.). 2016. Listening to the past: Audio records of accents of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Johnson D.E. 2010. Stability and change along a dialect boundary: The low vowels of South-eastern New England. Durham: Duke University Press. Johnson D.E., Durian D. 2016. New England. – Hickey R. (ed.). Listening to the past: Audio records of accents of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 257–297. Jones D. 1964. An outline of English phonetics. [9th edition]. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons. Kelley M.C., Tucker B.V. 2020. A comparison of four vowel overlap measures – The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147.1: 137–145. Kendall T., Fridland V. 2017. Regional relationships among the low vowels of U.S. English: Evidence from production and perception. – Language Variation and Change 29.2: 245–271. Kenyon J.S. 1940. American pronunciation: A textbook of phonetics for students of English. [8th edition]. Ann Arbor: George Wahr. Kenyon J.S., Knott T.A. 1949. A pronouncing dictionary of American English. Springfield (MA): G. & C. Merriam. Knight D. 2000. Standard Speech: The ongoing debate. – Voice and Speech Review 1.1: 31–54. Kuznetsova A., Brockhoff P.B., Christensen R.H.B. 2017. lmerTest Package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. – Journal of Statistical Software 82.13: 1–26. LaBouff K. 2008. Singing and communicating in English: A singer’s guide to English diction. New York: Oxford University Press. Labov W., Ash S., Boberg C. 2006. The atlas of North American English: Phonetics, phonology and sound change. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. MacNeil R., Cran W. 2005. Do you speak American? A companion to the PBS television series. New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday. McAuliffe M., Socolof M., Mihuc S., Wagner M., Sonderegger M. 2017. Montreal Forced Aligner: Trainable text-speech alignment using Kaldi. – Proceedings of Interspeech 2017: 498–502. [https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/interspeech_2017/mcauliffe17_interspeech.html; accessed 27 November 2021]. McLean M.P. 1952. Good American speech. New York: E.P. Dutton and Company. McWhorter J. 2015. On American r-lessness. – Language Log, 11 June 2015. [https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=19486; accessed: 12 November 2021]. Miller V.R. 1953. Present-day use of the broad a in Eastern Massachusetts. – Speech Monographs 20.4: 235–246. Miller Center 2016 = Presidential Speeches | Miller Center. 21 November 2016. [https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches; accessed: 31 March 2021]. Modiano M. 1996. A Mid-Atlantic handbook: American and British English. Lund: Student-litteratur. Newman M. 2014. New York City English. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. Nunberg G. 1980. The speech of New York City upper class. – Shopen T., Williams J.M. (eds.). Standards and dialects in English. Cambridge (MA): Winthrop Publishers: 150–174. Nycz J. 2011. Second dialect acquisition: Implications for theories of phonological representation. [PhD Diss., New York University]. Penzl H. (1940). The vowel-phonemes in “father, man, dance” in dictionaries and New England speech. – The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 39.1: 13–32. Przedlacka J., Ashby M. 2019. Comparing the Received Pronunciation of J. R. Firth and Daniel Jones: A sociophonetic perspective. – Journal of the International Phonetic Association 49.3: 381–400. Queen R. 2015. Vox popular: The surprising life of language in the media. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. R Core Team 2021 = R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. [http://www.r-project.org/index.html]. Rathe A. 2020. How the Golden Age of Hollywood tried to make everyone sound filthy rich. – Town & Country, 3 May 2020. [https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a32292809/mid-atlantic-accent-golden-age-of-hollywood/; accessed: 18 November 2021]. Reddy S., Stanford J. 2015. A web application for automated dialect analysis. – Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations: 71–75. [https://aclanthology.org/N15–3015.pdf]. Rosenfelder I., Fruehwald J., Evanini K., Seyfarth S., Gorman K., Prichard H., Yuan J. 2014. FAVE (Forced Alignment and Vowel Extraction) Program Suite v1.2.2. Zenodo. [available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.22281; accessed: 27 November 2021]. RStudio Team 2020 = RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. Boston: RStudio, PBC. Safire W. 1987/1991. Locust Valley Lockjaw. – Safire W. (ed.). Coming to terms. New York: Doubleday: 160–162. [Originally published in The New York Times Magazine, 18 January 1987]. Skinner E.W. 1942/1990. Speak with distinction. [Revised with new material added by Timothy Monich and Lilene Mansell]. New York: Applause Theatre Book Publishers. Smith B.T. 2012. Aristocratic American (Mrs. Roosevelt’s accent). – Dialect Blog, 25 August 2012. [http://dialectblog.com/2012/08/25/aristocratic-american-accent/; accessed: 18 November 2021]. Sonderegger M. 2020. Regression modeling for linguistic data. Draft 0.91. [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PNUMG; accessed: 9 October 2021]. Taylor T. 2013. The rise and fall of Katharine Hepburn’s fake accent. – The Atlantic, 8 August 2013. [https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/08/the-rise-and-fall-of-katharine-hepburns-fake-accent/278505/; accessed: 18 November 2021]. Thomas C.K. 1932. Jewish dialect and New York dialect. – American Speech 7.5: 321–326. Tilly W. 1933. stændəd əmeɹɪkən pɹənʌnsɪeɪʃn. – Le Maître Phonétique 48.43: 57. Wells J.C. 1982. Accents of English. [3 vols]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. White E.J. 2020. You talkin’ to me? The unruly history of New York English. New York: Oxford University Press. Wickham H. 2016. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer. Wikipedia 2021. Mid-Atlantic accent. – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 5 October 2021. [available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_accent; accessed: 12 October 2021]. Withers-Wilson N. 1993. Vocal direction for the theatre: From script analysis to opening night. New York: Drama Book Publishers. Wolfram W., Schilling N. 2015. American English: Dialects and variation. [3rd edition]. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.