TY - JOUR TI - Football Stadiums – Icons of Sports Architecture AU - Twardowski, Mariusz TI - Football Stadiums – Icons of Sports Architecture AB - Modern stadiums constitute a challenge to urban planning, architects and buildings. The exceptional character of these enormous structures is, on the one hand, highlighted by their unique massings and the innovative materials that they employ, while on the other, their composition within the space of the city and its skilful blending into its context causes them to become icons and landmarks. Three different examples demonstrate that the requirements presented above can be fulfilled. Modern forms have been fitted into the scale of cities of various size and adapted to their surroundings. Functional solutions were well-thought out and circulation and access have been placed so that events would not block traffic in the city each time they are held. VL - 2018 IS - Volume 11 Year 2018 (115) PY - 2018 SN - 0011-4561 C1 - 2353-737X SP - 53 EP - 70 DO - 10.4467/2353737XCT.18.162.9418 UR - https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/czasopismo-techniczne/article/football-stadiums-icons-of-sports-architecture KW - stadium KW - Eisenman KW - Arroyo KW - Herzog & de Meuron KW - Munich KW - La Coruña KW - Barakaldo KW - icon