TY - JOUR
TI - For a Tin Ingot: The Archaeology of Oral Interpretation
AU - Chrobak, Marzena
TI - For a Tin Ingot: The Archaeology of Oral Interpretation
AB - 
	This paper, based on research conducted by the pioneers of the history of
	oral interpreting (A. Hermann, I. Kurz) in the 1950s and on modern archaeological
	evidence, presents the earliest references to interpreters in the Bronze Age, in the Near
	East and the Mediterranean area (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Crete, Carthage). It discusses
	a Sumerian Early Dynastic List, a Sumerian-Eblaic glossary from Ebla, the Shu-ilishu’s
	Cylinder Seal, the inscriptions and reliefs from the Tombs of the Princes of Elephantine
	and of Horemheb, the mention of one-third of a mina of tin dispensed at Ugarit to the
	interpreter of Minoan merchants and the Hanno’s stele, as well as terms used by these
	early civilisations to denote an interpreter: eme-bal, targumannu, jmy-r(A) aw, and mls.
VL - Issues in English
IS - Special Issue 2013 – Selection from the Archives
PY - 2013
SN - 1425-6851
C1 - 1689-1864
SP - 87
EP - 101
DO - 10.4467/16891864ePC.13.039.1456
UR - https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/przekladaniec/article/for-a-tin-ingot-the-archaeology-of-oral-interpretation
KW - interpreting
KW - archaeology
KW - archaeological evidence
KW - Mesopotamia
KW - Egypt
KW - Crete
KW - Carthage
KW - Bronze Age
KW - Near East