Anderson O. R. (1988) Comparative Protozoology. Ecology, Physi­ology, Life History. Springer-Verlag, New York Inc.
Botes H., Basson L., Van As L. L. (2001) Two new species of Mantoscyphidia Jankowski, 1980 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia), gill symbionts of Haliotis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Archaeogas­tropoda) from the south coast of South Africa. Acta Protozool. 40: 131–140
Colwin L. H. (1944) Binary fission and conjugation in Urceolaria synaptae (?) Type II (Protozoa, Ciliata) with special reference to the nuclear phenomena. J. Morphol. 75: 203–249
Corliss J. O. (1979) The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Clas­sification and Guide to the Literature. 2nd Edition. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Davis H. S. (1947) Studies of the protozoan parasites of fresh-water fishes. Fish. Bull. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 41: 1–29
Dobrzańska J. (1961) Orbopercularia raabei sp. n. from Talitrus saltator Mont of the Baltic Sea. Acta Parasitol. 9: 232–246
Finley H. E. (1939) Sexual differentiation in Vorticella microstoma. J. Exp. Zool. 81: 209–229
Finley H. E. (1943). The conjugation of Vorticella microstoma. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 62: 97–121
Finley H. E. (1952) Sexual differentiation in peritrichous ciliates. J. Protozool. 91: 569–606
Finley H. E., Nicholas P. A. (1950) Sexual differentiation in Rhab­dostyla vernalis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 36: 588–590
Foissner W. (1996) Ontogenesis in ciliated Protozoa, with empha­sis on stomatogenesis. In: Ciliates: Cells as organisms, (Eds. K. Hausmann, P.C. Bradbury). Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 95–177
Foissner W., Schubert G. (1977) Morphologie der zooide und schwärmer von Heteropolaria colisarum gen. nov., spec. nov. (Ciliata, Peritrichida), einer symphorionten Epsitylidae von Colisa fasciata (Anabantoidei, Belontiidae). Acta Protozool. 16: 231–247
Gilbert J. J., Schröder T. (2003) The ciliate epibiont Epistylis pyg­maeum: selection for zooplankton hosts, reproduction and effect on two rotifers. Freshw. Biol. 48: 878–893
Hobbs E. S., Lang M. E. (1954) Observations on the argentophilic granules of certain peritrichs. J. Protozool. 11: 21–30
Lom J., Dykova I. (1992) Protozoan parasites of fishes. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Peters H., Basson L., Van As L. L., Van As J. G. (2004) A new spe­cies of Ellobiophrya Chatton and Lwoff, 1923 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) attached to Mantoscyphidia Jankowski, 1980 (Cili­ophora: Peritrichia) species. Acta Protozool. 43: 163–172
Raabe Z. (1952) Ambiphrya miri g. n. sp. n. eine Übergangsform zwischen Peritricha Mobilina und Peritricha Sessilina. Anls. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Lublin-Pol. 10: 343–358
Surber E. W. (1940) Scyphidia micropteri, a new protozoan parasite of largemouth and smallmouth black bass. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 69: 169–175
Surber E. W. (1943) Scyphidia tholiformis, a peritrichous protozoan found on the gills and external surfaces of Micropterus dolo­mieu and Micropterus salmoides. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 72: 197–203
Thompson S., Kirkegaard D., Jahn T. L. (1947) Scyphidia ameiuri, n.sp., a peritrichous ciliate from the gills of the bullhead, Amei­urus melas melas. Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 66: 315–317
Utz L. R. P., Coats D. W. (2008) Telotroch formation, survival and attachment in the epibiotic peritrich Zoothamnium intermedium (Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea). Invert. Biol. 127: 237–248
Vacchiano E., Dreisbach A., Locascio D., Castaneda L., Vivian T., Buhse H. E. Jr. (1992) Morphogenetic transitions and cyto­skeletal elements of the stalked zooid and the telotroch stages in the peritrich ciliate Vorticella convallaria. J. Protozool. 39: 101–106
Van As L. L., Basson L., Van As J. G. (1998) Two new species of Mantoscyphidia Jankowski, 1980 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) gill symbionts of limpets, from South Africa and the Sub-Antarctic Island, Marion. Acta Protozool. 37: 101–111
Vávra J. (1961) Rhabdostyla scyphidiformis n. sp., a new ectopara­sitic Infusorian from tadpole branchial sac. Vestn. Cesk. Spol. Zool. 25: 229–236
Viljoen S., Van As J. G. (1987) Notes on the morphology and asex­ual reproductive processes of sessile peritrichs. Hydrobiologia. 154: 75–86
Walker M. H., Roberts E. M., Usher M. L. (1986) The fine struc­ture of the trophont and stages in telotroch formation in Cir­colagenophrys ampulla (Ciliophora: Peritrichida). J. Protozool. 25: 229–236
Willis A. G. (1942) Studies on Lagenophrys tattersalli sp. n. (Cili­ata: Peritrichia: Vorticellinae). Part I. Structure, asexual repro­duction and metamorphosis. J. Microsc. Soc. 83: 171–196