TY - JOUR
TI - The higher numerals in Ossetic
AU - Kim, Ronald I.
TI - The higher numerals in Ossetic
AB - 
	This paper examines the formal prehistory of the cardinal numerals above “ten” from Proto-Iranian to Ossetic. Despite the widespread adoption in Ossetic of a vigesimal system of counting and semantic shift of “thousand” and “ten thousand” to generalized terms for large amounts, the evolution of these numerals may be reconstructed in detail. Noteworthy features are the general conservatism of the teens; retention of the nasal from Proto-Indo-Iranian in Digor insæj ‘twenty’, ærtin ‘thirty’ (cf. Vedic viṁśatí-, triṁśát-); survival of an older variant of ‘forty’ in Digor cæppors*, Iron cyppurs ‘Christmas’ < ‘(festival) of forty (days)’; and extension of Proto-Iranian *-āti from ‘seventy’ and ‘eighty’ to ‘fifty’ and ‘sixty’. Digor be(u)ræ, Iron biræ ‘many, much; very’ continues a thematized plural *baiwar-ai of Proto-Iranian *baiwar / n- ‘ten thousand’; if sædæ ‘hundred’ and ærzæ (ærʒæ) ‘countless number, myriad’ < ‘thousand’ also go back to preforms in *-ai, they were either remodeled after *baiwar-ai or generalized from duals, e.g. *duwai ćatai ‘two hundred’. The limited evidence for earlier stages of the language is given full consideration, including Sarmatian onomastics, word lists in early modern European sources, and the testimony of loanwords.

	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

	The research for this article has been supported by grant no. 2019/35/B/HS2/01273: “Ossetic historical grammar and the dialectology of early Iranian” from the Polish National Science Centre (NCN).
VL - 2022
IS - Volume 139, Issue 2
PY - 2022
SN - 1897-1059
C1 - 2083-4624
SP - 71
EP - 89
DO - 10.4467/20834624SL.22.005.15629
UR - https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/studia-linguistica-uic/article/the-higher-numerals-in-ossetic
KW - Ossetic
KW - Iranian
KW - Indo-Iranian
KW - numerals
KW - vigesimal counting