TY - JOUR
TI - Understanding the Factors which Engage Female Participation in Patents in Andalusia (Spain)
AU - Puentes Graña, Carmen
AU - Toribio Muñoz, Rosario
TI - Understanding the Factors which Engage Female Participation in Patents in Andalusia (Spain)
AB - 
	Background: One economic dimension of sustainable development is innovation. If we understand the innovative capacity of a country as the ability to achieve economic growth, social welfare, and sustainability, the human factor is key to managing these objectives; in particular the contributions of scientists. Gender differences in science and technology remain stable over time. However, there have been very few studies of the specific involvement of women in technological innovation.. From 1990 to 2006 there were 411 women and 1427 men patenting in universities and public research centres in Andalusia (Spain).

	Research aims: The aim of this article is to determine which factors encourage female participation in patent activity. 

	Methodology: The research is based on the analysis, by estimating Logit and Probit models, of information that shows 498 patent applications and 1838 inventors from universities and public research centres (CSIC), in Andalusia (Spain) between 1990 and 2006. 

	Key finding: The variables that have emerged as significant and positive regarding the probability of female participation are the number of authors in each patent, the chemical sector, and the share of Ph.D. holders included in patent teams. Elements that do not appear to be relevant in explaining the probability of female presence in patents are the collaboration between different research centres and the number of patent assignments an individual has in the International Patent Classification.
VL - 2016
IS - Issue 15(4)
PY - 2017
SN - 2449-8920
C1 - 2449-8939
SP - 57
EP - 75
DO - 10.4467/24498939IJCM.16.024.6705
UR - https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/international-journal-of-contemporary-management/article/understanding-the-factors-which-engage-female-participation-in-patents-in-andalusia-spain
KW - gender and patents
KW - innovation
KW - female presence