@article{5d608023-3c5d-4d07-9b76-89880f337a9a,
author = {Jakub  Niedźwiedź},
title = {Stanisław Pachołowiecki’s Atlas of the Principality of Polotsk (1580): Propaganda, Genology and the Development of Geographic Knowledge},
journal = {Terminus},
volume = {2017},
number = {Volume 19, Issue 1 (42)},
year = {2017},
issn = {2082-0984},
pages = {127-155},keywords = {history of cartography; Renaissance cartography; atlas; Polish Renaissance literature; Stanisław Pachołowiecki; Polish-Lithuanian Commomwealth; Russia; Polotsk; Livonian War; Stephen Báthory; political propaganda in the 16th century; emblem; stemma},
abstract = {This paper is dedicated to the maps of Stanisław Pachołowiecki (2nd half of the 16th century) printed in Rome by Giovanni Battista Cavalieri in 1580. In August 1579, the Polish-Lithuanian army retook the city and the voivodeship (principality) of Polotsk from Russian hands. Pachołowiecki, a cartographer working for Stephen Báthory, prepared maps depicting the Siege of Polotsk, the whole principality of Polotsk and plans of six other fortresses and cities conquered by Báthory’s army.

	This study presents an answer to the following question: What means were used in the development of the new geographic knowledge by people engaged in the preparation and use of Pachołowiecki’s atlas? Jakub Niedźwiedź takes a closer look at the application of rhetoric, mainly figures and tropes drawn (or translated) from literature into the cartographic text. According to Niedźwiedź, the atlas’ authors used literary and graphic genres and topoi that were known, fashionable and attractive to the reader in those times. The study is divided into sections containing analyses of three genres that organise the meaning of the map. The first genre described is epinikion-panegyric. The author demonstrates how the ruler-commander laudation topoi were transformed in 16th century poetry and cartography. The context consists chiefly of laudatory poems written by the two most prominent Polish poets of the time, Jan Kochanowski and Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński.

	The second genre investigated by Niedźwiedź is emblem, a combination of word and image. The author indicates the relationship between 16th century cartography on the one hand, and emblems and heraldry on the other. These deliberations are accompanied by references to the Renaissance imitation theory. The third genre is atlas. In this  section, the author argues that Pachołowiecki’s maps compound the fi rst thematic atlas in the history of Polish cartography. All these genres were subjected to the rules of cartographic representation.

	The final comments regard the infl uence that Pachołowiecki’s maps exerted on the output of the leading cartographers of late 16th century, including Maciej Strubicz and Gerard Mercator among others.},
doi = {10.4467/20843844TE.17.004.7893},
url = {https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/terminus/article/atlas-ksiestwa-polockiego-stanislawa-pacholowieckiego-1580-propaganda-genologia-i-tworzenie-wiedzy-geograficznej}
}