Adl S. M., Bass D., Lane C. E., Lukeš J., Schoch C. L., Smirnov A., Agatha S., Berney C., Brown M. W., Burki F., Cárdenas P., Čepička I., Chistyakova L., del Campo J., Dunthorn M., Edvardsen B., Eglit Y., Guillou L., Hampl V., Heiss A. A., Hoppenrath M., James T. Y., Karnkowska A., Karpov S., Kim E., Kolisko M., Kudryavtsev A., Lahr D. J. G., Lara E., Le Gall L., Lynn D. H., Mann D. G., Massana R., Mitchell E. A. D., Morrow C., Park J. S., Pawlowski J. W., Powell M. J., Richter D. J., Rueckert S., Shadwick L., Shimano S., Spiegel F. W., Torruella G., Youssef N., Zlatogursky V., Zhang Q. (2019). Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 66: 4–119
Armienta M. A., Vilaclara G., De la Cruz-Reyna S., Ramos S., Ceniceros N., Cruz O., Aguayo A., Arcega-Cabrera F. (2008) Water chemistry of lakes related to active and inactive Mexican volcanoes. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 178: 249–258
Azam F., Fenchel T., Field J. G., Gray J. S., Meyer-Reil L., Thingstad F. (1983) The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10: 257–263
Bark A. W. (1981) The temporal and spatial distribution of planktonic and benthic protozoan communities in a small productive lake. Hydrobiologia 85: 239–255
Bark A. W. (1985) Studies on ciliated protozoa in eutrophic lakes: 1. Seasonal distribution in relation to thermal stratification and hypolimnetic anoxia. Hydrobiologia 124: 167–176
Bautista-Reyes F., Macek M. (2012) Ciliate food vacuole content and bacterial community composition in the warm-monomictic crater lake Alchichica (México). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 79: 85–97
Beaver J. R., Crisman T. L. (1989) The role of ciliated protozoa in pelagic freshwater ecosystems. Microb. Ecol. 17: 111–136
Berninger U. G., Finlay B. J., Canter H. M. (1986) The spatial distribution and ecology of zoochlorellae-bearing ciliates in a productive pond. J. Protozool. 33: 557–563
Bick H. (1958) Ökologische Untersuchungen an Ciliaten fallaubreicher Kleingewässer. Arch. Hydrobiol. 54: 506–542
Bishop A. (1923) Some observations upon Spirostomum ambiguum (Ehrenberg). Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 67: 391–432
Borcard D., Gillet F., Legendre P. (2018) Numerical ecology with R. 2nd Ed. Springer, Cham
Boscaro V., Carducci D., Barbieri G., Senra M. V. X., Andreoli I., Erra F., Petroni G., Verni F., Fokin S. I. (2014) Focusing on genera to improve species identification: revised systematics of the ciliate Spirostomum. Protist 165: 527–541
Callieri C. (2007) Picophytoplankton in freshwater ecosystems: the importance of small-sized phototrophs. Freshwater Rev. 1: 1–28
Callieri C., Coci M., Corno G., Macek M., Modenutti B., Balseiro E., Bertoni R. (2013) Phylogenetic diversity of non-marine picocyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 85: 293–301
Camacho A., Miracle M., Romero-Viana L., Picazo Mozo A., Vicente E. (2017) Lake La Cruz, an iron-rich karstic meromictic lake in central Spain. In: Ecology of Meromictic Lakes (Eds. R. D. Gulati, E. S. Zadereev, A. G. Degermendzhi). Ecological Studies (Analysis and Synthesis), vol 228, Springer, Cham,187–233
Dolan J. R., Šimek K. (1997) Processing of ingested matter in Strombidium sulcatum, a marine ciliate (Oligotrichida). Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 393–397
Dragesco J., Dragesco Kerneis A. (1986) Ciliés libres de l’Afrique intertropicale : introduction à la connaissance et à l’étude des Ciliés. Faune Tropicale 26. ORSTOM, Paris Fenchel T. (1986) Protozoan filter feeding. Progr. Protistol. 1: 65–113
Fenchel T. (2012) Protozoa and oxygen. Acta Protozool. 52: 11–20
Fernandes N. M., da Silva Neto I. D. (2013) Morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequence of Spirostomum minus and Spirostomum teres (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zoologia 30: 72–79
Filonov A., Tereshchenko I., Alcocer J. (2006) Dynamic response to mountain breeze circulation in Alchichica, a crater lake in Mexico. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33: L07404
Finlay B. J. (1977) The dependence of reproductive rate on cell size and temperature in freshwater ciliated protozoa. Oecologia 30: 75–81
Finlay B. J. (1981) Oxygen availability and seasonal migrations of ciliated protozoa in a freshwater lake. J. Gen. Microbiol. 123: 173–178
Finlay B. J. (1985) Nitrate respiration by Protozoa (Loxodes spp.) in the hypolimnetic nitrite maximum of a productive freshwater pond. Freshwater Biol. 15: 333–346
Finlay B. J., Esteban G. F. (1998) Planktonic ciliate species diversity as an integral component of ecosystem function in a fresh water pond. Protist 149: 155–165
Finlay B. J., Esteban G. F. (2009) Oxygen sensing drives predictable migrations in a microbial community. Environ. Microbiol. 11: 81–85
Finlay B. J., Maberly S. C., Esteban G. F. (1996) Spectacular abundance of ciliates in anoxic pond water: Contribution of symbiont photosynthesis to host respiratory oxygen requirements. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 20: 229–235
Foissner W., Berger H., Kohmann F. (1992) Taxonomische und ökologische revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems – Band II. Peritrichia, Heterotrichida, Odontostomatida. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, Wasserwirtschaft, Deggendorf
Fokin S. I., Schweikert M., Brümmer F., Görtz H.-D. (2005) Spirostomum spp. (Ciliophora, Protista), a suitable system for endocytobiosis research. Protoplasma 225: 93–102
Guhl B. E., Finlay B. J., Schink B. (1994) Seasonal development ciliate communities in a eutrophic pond. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 14: 293–306
Hadas O., Berman T. (1998) Seasonal abundance and vertical distribution of Protozoa (flagellates, ciliates) and bacteria in Lake Kinneret, Israel. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14: 161–170
Hadas O., Pinkas R., Wynne D. (1992) Nitrate reductase activity, ammonium regeneration, and orthophosphate uptake in protozoa isolated from Lake Kinneret, Israel. Microb. Ecol. 23: 107–115
Hansen H. P., Korolef F. (1999) Determination of nutrients. In: Methods of Seawater Analysis (Eds. K. Grasshoff, K. Kremling, M. Ehrhardt). Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim,159–228
Hernández-Avilés J. S., Macek M., Alcocer J., López-Trejo B., Merino-Ibarra M. (2010) Prokaryotic picoplankton dynamics in a warm-monomictic saline lake: temporal and spatial variation in structure and composition. J. Plankton Res. 32: 1301–1314
Hines H. N., Onsbring H., Ettema T. J. G., Esteban G. F. (2018) Molecular investigation of the ciliate Spirostomum semivirescens, with first transcriptome and new geographical records. Protist 169: 875–886
Hu X., Kusuoka Y. (2015) Two oxytrichids from the ancient Lake Biwa, Japan, with notes on morphogenesis of Notohymena australis (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida). Acta Protozool. 54: 107–122
James M. R., Burns C. W., Forsyth D. J. (1995) Pelagic ciliated protozoa in two monomictic, southern temperate lakes of contrasting trophic state: seasonal distribution and abundance. J. Plankton Res. 17: 1479–1500
Jang S.-W., Kwon C.-B., Shin M.-K. (2012) First records of two Spirostomum ciliates (Heterotrichea: Heterotrichida: Spirostomidae) from Korea. Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28: 29–35
Jørgensen B. B., Kuenen J. G., Cohen Y. (1979) Microbial transformations of sulfur compounds in a stratified lake (Solar Lake, Sinai). Limnol. Oceanogr. 24: 799–822
Laybourn J., Finlay B. J. (1976) Respiratory energy losses related to cell weight and temperature in ciliated protozoa. Oecologia 24: 349–355
Laybourn-Parry J., Olver J., Rees S. (1990) The hypolimnetic protozoan plankton of a eutrophic lake. Hydrobiologia 203: 11–19 López-Ochoterena  E.  (1966)  Ciliados  mesosapróbicos  de Chapultepec (Sistemática, morfología, ecología). Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 26: 115–246
Macek M., Alcocer J., Lugo-Vázquez A., Martínez-Pérez M. E., Peralta-Soriano L., Vilaclara-Fatjó G. (2009) Long term picoplankton dynamics in a warm-monomictic, tropical high altitude lake. J. Limnol. 68: 183–192
Madoni P. (1990) The ciliated protozoa of the monomictic Lake Kinneret (Israel): species composition and distribution during stratification. Hydrobiologia 190: 111–120
Madoni P. (1991) Community structure and distribution of ciliated Protozoa in a freshwater pond covered by Lemna minor. Ital. J. Zool. 58: 273–279
Massana R., Pedrós-Alió C. (1994) Role of anaerobic ciliates in planktonic food webs: abundance, feeding, and impact on bacteria in the field. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1325–1334
Modenutti B. E., Balseiro E. G., (2002) Mixotrophic ciliates in an Andean lake: dependence on light and prey of an Ophrydium naumanni population. Freshwater Biol. 47: 121–128
Montagnes D. J. S., Lynn D. H. (1993) A quantitative protargol stain (QPS) for ciliates and other protists. In: Handbook of Methods on Aquatic Microbial Ecology (Eds. P. F. Kemp, B. F. Sherr, E. B. Sherr, J. J. Cole). Lewis Publishers, New York, 229–240
Neidl F. (1989) Die räumliche und zeitliche Verteilung des Ciliaten Spirostomum teres im Benthal und Pelagial des Piburger Sees (Tirol, Österr.) während und nach der Sommerschichtung. Master Thesis, Universität Innsbruck, Austria
Oikonomou A., Filker S., Breiner H. W., Stoeck T. (2015) Protistan diversity in a permanently stratified meromictic lake (Lake Alatsee, SW Germany). Environ. Microbiol. 17: 2144–2157
Oikonomou A., Pachiadaki M., Stoeck T. (2014) Protistan grazing in a meromictic freshwater lake with anoxic bottom water. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 87: 691–703
Padisák J., Barbosa F., Koschel R., Krienitz L. (2003) Deep layer cyanoprokaryota maxima in temperate and tropical lakes. Arch. Hydrobiol. Spec. Iss. Adv. Limnol. 58: 175–199
Pajares S., Merino-Ibarra M., Macek M., Alcocer J. (2017) Vertical and seasonal distribution of picoplankton and functional nitrogen genes in a high-altitude warm-monomictic tropical lake. Freshwater Biol. 62: 1180–1193
Peštová D., Macek M., Martínez-Pérez M. E. (2008) Ciliates and their picophytoplankton-feeding activity in a high altitude warm-monomictic saline lake. Europ. J. Protistol. 44: 13–25
Porter K. G., Feig Y. S. (1980) The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 943–948
Psenner R., Schlott-Idl K. (1985) Trophic relationships between bacteria and protozoa in the hypolimnion of a meromictic mesotrophic lake. Hydrobiologia 121: 111–120
Rossberg M., Wickham S. A. (2008) Ciliate vertical distribution and diel vertical migration in a eutrophic lake. Fundam. Appl. Limnol. 171/1: 1–14
Sánchez-Medina X., Macek M., Bautista-Reyes F., Perz A., Bonilla-Lemus P., Chávez-Arteaga M. (2016) Inter-annual ciliate distribution variation within the late stratification oxycline in a monomictic lake, Lake Alchichica (Mexico). J. Limnol. 75: 179–190
Sarmento H. (2012) New paradigms in tropical limnology: the importance of the microbial food web. Hydrobiologia 686: 1–14
Şenler N. G., Yildiz İ. (2004) Faunistic and morphological studies on ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from a small pond, with responses of ciliate populations to changing environmental conditions. Turk. J. Zool. 28: 245–265
Shazib S. U. A., Vďačný P., Kim J. H., Jang S. W., Shin M. K. (2016) Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation within the ciliate genus Spirostomum (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora, Heterotrichea), using the internal transcribed spacer region. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 102: 128–144
Shazib S. U. A., Vďačný P., Slovák M., Gentekaki E., Shin M. K. (2019) Deciphering phylogenetic relationships and delimiting species boundaries using a Bayesian coalescent approach in protists: A case study of the ciliate genus Spirostomum (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea). Sci. Rep. 9: 16360 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52722-4 
Sherr E. B., Sherr B. F. (1993). Protistan grazing rates via uptake of fluorescently labeled prey. In: Handbook of Methods on Aquatic Microbial Ecology (Eds. P. F. Kemp, B. F. Sherr, E. B. Sherr, J. J. Cole). Lewis Publishers New York, 695–701
Šimek K., Bobková J., Macek M., Nedoma J. (1995) Ciliate grazing on picoplankton in a eutrophic reservoir during the summer phytoplankton maximum: a study at the species and community level. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40: 1077–1090
Skibbe O. (1994) An improved quantitative protargol stain for ciliates and other planktonic protists. Arch. Hydrobiol. 130: 339– 347
Specht H. (1934) Aerobic respiration in Spirostomum ambiguum and the production of ammonia. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 5: 319–333
Straškrabová V., Callieri C., Cruz-Pizarro L., Hartman P., Macek M., Nedoma J., Šimek K. (1999) Investigations on microbial food webs in mountain lakes – aims and methods. In: Pelagic Food Web in Mountain Lakes. Mountain Lakes Research Program (Eds. V. Straškrabová, C. Callieri, J. Fott) J. Limnol. 58: 77–87 Tarbe A. L., Unrein F., Stenuite S., Pirlot S., Sarmento H., Sinyinza D., Descy J. P. (2011) Protist herbivory: a key pathway in the pelagic food web of Lake Tanganyika. Microb. Ecol. 62: 314–323
Tirjaková E., Krajčovičová K., Illyová M., Vďačný P. (2016) Interaction of ciliate communities with cyanobacterial water bloom in a shallow, hypertrophic reservoir. Acta Protozool. 55: 173– 188
Yasindi A. W., Taylor W. D. (2016) The Protozoa of soda lakes in East Africa. In: Soda Lakes of East Africa (Ed. M. Schagerl), Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 179–204
Weisse T. (2014) Ciliates and the rare biosphere – Community ecology and population dynamics. J. Euk. Microbiol. 61: 419–433