%0 Journal Article
%T Protectionist tendencies in world trade
%A Wojtas, Monika
%J International Business and Global Economy
%V 2018
%R 10.4467/23539496IB.18.014.9387
%N Volume 37
%P 198-211
%K trade policy, protectionism, tariffs, non-tariff barriers
%@ 2300-6102
%D 2018
%U https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/ibage/article/tendencje-protekcjonistyczne-w-handlu-swiatowym
%X 
	The aim of the paper is to evaluate the proliferation of protectionist policies after the economic crisis of 2008–2009. The spread of protectionism is to be expected in times of recession. The paper presents the use of both traditional trade barriers (tariffs and other border measures) as well as regulatory barriers (behind-the-border measures) in 2009–2017. The lack of progress in multilateral trade negotiations and stagnation in the development of regional trade agreements are also indicated as specific manifestations of a protectionist approach to trade policy. The impact of protectionism on trade seems vague, but what is obvious is a gradual increase in protectionism, in particular during the past 3 years. This is accompanied by a spreading of non-tariff barriers, in particular subsidies (export and domestic), trade remedies, and localization requirements.