%0 Journal Article
%T Women’s Zionist Movement in Europe at the Turn of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
%A Czerwonogóra, Katarzyna
%J Studia Judaica
%V 2015
%R 10.4467/24500100STJ.15.012.4603
%N Nr 2 (36)
%P 271-291
%K Zionism, women’s movement, Puah Rakovsky, WIZO
%@ 1506-9729
%D 2016
%U https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/studia-judaica/article/syjonistyczny-ruch-kobiet-w-europie-na-przelomie-xix-i-xx-wieku
%X 
	The article presents the process that led to the creation of the Women’s International Zionist Organization (WIZO) in 1920 in London. The main reason for creating a separate international women’s organization within the Zionist movement was the lack of support for women’s ideas in the male-dominated structures. The trigger for the establishment of a separate women’s group after World War I was a trip to Palestine by three middle-class British Jewish women, the wives of high-ranking clerks in the British Mandate for Palestine. However, the creation of WIZO at that particular time was an outcome of several political and cultural phenomena: the beginnings of emancipation of Jewish women in Eastern Europe during the Haskalah, processes of emancipation of Jews in Western Europe, the development of modern nationalisms and anti-Semitism, and the international recognition of the Zionist movement. These conditions led to the creation of Jewish women’s networks, which were the pre-existing condition for the creation of WIZO.