@article{1db8b2e8-bbd8-4241-9e40-a994b261fd6b,
author = {Marta  Kijewska-Trembecka},
title = {Canada – a new direction for Portuguese emigrants in the second half of the twentieth century},
journal = {Migration Studies – Review of Polish Diaspora},
volume = {2018 (XLIV)},
number = {Vol. 168, issue 2},
year = {2018},
issn = {2081-4488},
pages = {135-154},keywords = {sponsoring; Azores; education; Toronto; minha terra},
abstract = {In 2011, there were about 250,000 people of single Portuguese origin living in Canada and almost 180,000 who were partly Portuguese. The first group of Portuguese emigrants arrived in Canada in 1953, thus beginning almost a half-century period of quite large Portuguese settlements in this country. Over the following decades, over 95% of Portuguese have immigrated to Canada being sponsored by family, neighbors or other close or distant friends or relatives. As a result, the successive groups of Portuguese immigrants had very similar characteristics: they lacked proper education, professional qualifications, and had knowledge of their native language only. The Portuguese diaspora in Canada originates primarily from the Azores. To date, over 65% of the Portuguese ethnic group is represented by the first or successive generations of emigrants from these islands. The Portuguese ethnic group is classified by researchers as a group undergoing a transformation, although almost everyone admits that this is a relatively late process when compared to other ethnic communities. There are many reasons for this, among them the most important are: the dominance of the first generation, which in fact lacks education and, additionally, has no education habits; the socialization during the Salazar regime, which was the experience of most of Portuguese emigrants, resulting in, inter alia, a lack of independence; divisions within the group resulting from the relations exported from Europe, including the sense of marginalization of the Azoreans by a group from mainland Portugal.},
doi = {10.4467/25444972SMPP.18.023.9149},
url = {https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/smpp/article/kanada-nowy-kierunek-emigracji-portugalczykow-w-ii-polowie-xx-wieku}
}