%0 Journal Article
%T What Socrates Learned From Parmenides. Part 2. Hypothesis, Antilogy, and Philosophical Self-Defense in the Phaedo
%A Larivée, Annie
%J ORGANON
%V 2024
%R 10.4467/00786500.ORG.24.008.20210
%N Volume 56
%P 119-138
%K pedagogy, elenchos, antilogy, gymnasia, hypothesis
%@ 0078-6500
%D 2024
%U https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/organon/article/what-socrates-learned-from-parmenides-part-2-hypothesis-antilogy-and-philosophical-self-defense-in-the-phaedo
%X My first study identified the cognitive abilities and argumentative skills developed by the gymnasia presented in Plato’s Parmenides. Since the correspondence with the intellectual virtues Socrates displays in other dialogues is too remarkable to be a coincidence, I concluded that Socrates must have trained with Parmenides’ eightfold routine in his youth. My second study supports this conclusion by drawing attention to textual evidence found in the Phaedo. The autobiographical account Socrates shares in that dialogue indicates how the gymnasia impacted his intellectual development, mostly through the action of hypothesizing. This strategic move used by the Eleatics transformed the originally sectarian way Socrates related to Forms and enabled him to protect his theory from attacks in a secure yet non-dogmatic way.