%0 Journal Article
%T Edward Jurgens and Karol Ruprecht –Poles by choice towards Polish independence movements in the 19th century
%A Stegner, Tadeusz
%J History Notebooks
%V Ahead of print (2024)
%N Issue 151 (1)

%K evangelicals, Polonization, Edward Jurgens, Karol Ruprecht
%@ 0083-4351
%D 2024
%U https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/prace-historyczne/article/edward-jurgens-and-karol-ruprecht-poles-by-choice-towards-polish-independence-movements-in-the-19th-century
%X Edward Jurgens and Karol Ruprecht are descendants of German emigrants of the Evangelical denomination who came to Poland in the 18th and 19th centuries. Part of the German population in the Kingdom of Poland, especially in Warsaw, were polonized quite quickly, sometimes in the second generation. Edward Jurgens and Karol Ruprecht became such Poles by choice, they were involved in Polish independence activities, they were among the leaders of the Polish national movement, especially during the January Uprising. E. Jurgens was one of the leading activists of the Whites camp, arrested and died in 1863 in the infamous tenth pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel. K. Ruprecht was sentenced to death in 1846 for his conspiracy activities, pardoned at the last moment before execution, and in 1863 he was a member of the National Government. Their attitude was a testimony to the changes in the attitude of the newcomers from Germany towards their new homeland.