@article{018ee6f7-5818-7143-82b8-c80fd7b7120d,
author = {Ryszard  Skrzyniarz},
title = {Patriotic and Religious Education of Children and Young People in the Works of Ewaryst Estkowski},
journal = {Polish Pedagogical Thought},
volume = {X (2024)},
number = {Issue 10},
year = {2024},
issn = {2450-4572},
pages = {53-71},keywords = {Ewaryst Estkowski; religious education; patriotic education},
abstract = {Ewaryst Estkowski (1820–1856) believed that the most important task in the education and upbringing of children is teaching religion, reading, writing, calculation, history, drawing, physical education and geography. He based his specific programme for the patriotic and religious education of young people in elementary school on this principle. He saw learning to read and write as a way to broaden the horizons of the Polish people, learning calculation as a means to fight for their financial well-being, and history and geography as a means to awaken in young people a love for their homeland. He perceived physical education as a source of strength to work for the good of others and the country. The practical use of drawing was to sensitize people to the beauty of their homeland. After finishing their primary school education, pupils were supposed to be good and pious persons, above all, aware of their duties to their family, community, homeland and the Church. Further education was supposed to help develop their ability to think independently and facilitate making good choices. Estkowski believed that if Poles were deprived of the Catholic religion, they would lose their national identity. Parents and teachers, the Church and priests, as well as the community and the nation were to help implement this model of education.},
doi = {10.4467/24504564PMP.24.003.19957},
url = {https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/polska-mysl-pedagogiczna/article/patriotic-and-religious-education-of-children-and-young-people-in-the-works-of-ewaryst-estkowski}
}