%0 Journal Article
%T The Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922: Causes, Course, Effects
%A Krzak, Andrzej
%J Central European and Balkan Studies
%V 2023
%R 10.4467/2543733XSSB.23.004.18430
%N Vol. XXXII
%P 65-87
%K war of independence, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Ottoman Empire, Kemalist movement, modern Turkey, Asia Minor, Megali Idea, Elefterios Venizelos
%@ 2451-4993
%D 2023
%U https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/ssb/article/the-greco-turkish-war-of-1919-1922-causes-course-effects
%X 
	The Greco-Turkish war, in its strictest sense, was a multifaceted conflict characterized by the

	varied actions of the combatants. Even though there were not any coalitions comprising military

	contingents, joint command structures, or coordinated military forces between the Greek, Armenian,

	and French nationalist factions, one can argue that each theatre of warfare – Armenian, Cilician, and

	Greek (Anatolian) – operated as a cohesive strategic unit. For many Greeks and Armenians, this

	conflict represented an extension of their national liberation effort, driven by territorial aspirations,

	a quest to realize their national vision, and an ambition to humble a longstanding adversary. On the

	other hand, the inhabitants of Anatolia and the Muslim refugees who had sought sanctuary in

	the region – individuals who increasingly identified as Turks rather than Ottomans – were motivated

	by their pursuit of national sovereignty and independence.