Adl S. M., Simpson A. G. B., Farmer M. A., Andersen R. A., Anderson O. R., Barta J. R., Bowser S. S., Brugerolle G., Fensome R. A., Fredericq S., James T., Karpov S., Kugrens P., Krug J., Lane C., Lewis L. A., Lodge J., Lynn D. H., Mann D. G., McCourt R.M., Mendoza L., Moestrup O., Mozley-Standridge S.,  Nerad T. A., Shearer C. A., Smirnov A., Spiegel F. W., Taylor M. F. J. R. (2005) The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 52: 399–451 APHA (American Public Heath Association) (1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19a. ed. AWWA, WES. Baltimore, Maryland, USA Alves G. M., Velho L. F. M., Costa D. M., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2012) Size structure of testate amoebae (Arcellinida and Euglyphida) in different habitats from a lake in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Eur. J. Protistol. 48: 169–177 Araujo R. M. G., Cabral G. S., Silva R. S., Santos J. A. R., Pereira P. P., Silva A. C. Souza, Ghidini A. R. (2020) Testaceous amoebae associated with submerged macrophytes of the Quinoá-AC subbasin. Stricto Sensu. 7: 125–139 Arrieira R. L., Alves G. M., Schwind L. T. F., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2015) Local factors affecting the testate amoeba community (Protozoa: Arcellinida; Euglyphida) in a Neotropical floodplain. J. Limnol. 74: 444–452 Arrieira R. L., Schwin L. T. F., Bonecker C. C., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2016) Temporal dynamics and environmental predictors on the structure of planktonic testate amoebae community in four Neotropical floodplains. J. Freshw. Ecol. 32: 35–47 Barrios M., Mello F. T. (2022) Urbanization impacts water quality and the use of microhabitats by fish in subtropical agricultural streams. Environ. Conserv. 1–9 Bonecker C. C., Simões N. R., Minte-Vera C. V., Lansac-Tôha F. A., Velho L. F. M., Agostinho A. A. (2013) Temporal changes in zooplankton species diversity in response to environmental changes in alluvial valley. Limnology. 43: 114–121 Buosi P. R. B., Pauleto G. M., Lansac-Tôha F. A., Velho L. F. M. (2011) Ciliated community associated with aquatic macrophyte roots: Effects of nutrient enrichment on community composition and species richness. Eur. J. Protistol. 47: 86–102 Callisto M., Ferreira W., Moreno P., Goulart M. D. C., Petrucio M. (2002) Application of a rapid assessment protocol for habitat diversity in teaching and research activities. Acta Limnol. Bras. 14: 91–98 Chaparro G., Fontanarrosa M. S., Schiaffino M. R., Pinto P. D., O’Farrell I. (2014) Seasonal-dependence in the responses of biological communities to flood pulses in warm temperate floodplain lakes: Implications for the “alternative stable states” model. Aquat. Sci. 76: 579–559 Chaudhary A., Pourfaraj V., Mooers A. O. (2018) Projecting global land use-driven evolutionary history loss. Divers. Distrib. 24: 158–167 Cunico A. M., Ferreira F. A., Agostinho A. A., Beaumord A., Fernandes A. C. R. (2012) The effects of local and regional environmental factors on the structure of fish assemblages in the Pirapó Basin, Southern Brazil. Landsc. Urban. Plan. 105: 336–344 Czeglédi K. B., Tóth R. S. G., Eros T. (2020) Impacts of “Urbanization on Stream Fish Assemblages”: The role of the species pool and the local environment. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8: 137 Dajoz R. (1973) Ecologia Geral. Petrópolis. Vozes. 3: 471 Debastiani I. C., Meira B. R., Lansac-Toha F. M., Velho L. F. M. (2016) Ciliated Protozoa community structure in urban streams and their environmental use as indicators. Rev. Bras. Biol. 76: 1043–1053 Duarte A. F. (2016) Aspects of the climatology of Acre, Brazil, based on the 1971–2000 interval. Rev. Bras. de Meteorol. 21: 308–317 Dufrêne M., Legendre P. (1997) Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr. 67: 345–366 Fulone L. J., Lima A. F., Alves G. M., Velho L. F. M., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2005) Composition of testate amoebas (Protozoa-Rhizopoda) from two streams in the State of São Paulo, including new records for Brazil. Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. 27: 113–118 Gál B., Szivák I., Heino J., Schmera D. (2019) The effect of urbanization on freshwater macroinvertebrates – knowledge gaps and future research directions. Ecol. Indic. 104: 357–364 Gering J. C., Crist T. O. E., Veech J. A. (2003) Additive partitioning of species diversity at multiple spatial scales: Implications for regional biodiversity conservation. Conserv. Biol. 17: 488–499 Gimenes M. F., Benedito-Cecilio E., Takeda A. M., Vismara M. R. (2008) Availability of sedimentary organic matter for benthic fish from the Paraná River floodplain. Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. 26: 181–187 Harfuch C. A. C., Oliveira F. R., Meira B. R., Cagni G. S., Souza R. F., Lizama M. D. L. A. P., Velho L. F. M. (2019) Water quality in the upper reaches of the Pirapó river basin: An urban river in southern Brazil. Rev. Gest. & Sust. Amb. 8: 513–538 INMET (2021) National Institute of Meteorology. Available at http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/; Accessed on 4 April 2022 Jackson D. A. (1993) Stopping rules in principal component analysis a comparison on of heuristic and statistical approaches. Ecology. 74: 2204–2214 Jassey V. E. J., Chiapusio G., Binet P., Buttler A., Laggoun-Defarge F., Delarue F., Bernard N., Mitchell E. A. D., Francez A. J., Larh D. G. (2013) Above and below ground linkages in Sphagnum peat bogs: climate warming affects plant-microbial interactions. Glob. Change Biol. 10: 811–823 Kruskal W. H., Wallis W. A. (1952) Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 47: 583–562 Laminger H. (1973) Untersuchungen über Abundanz und Biomasse der sediment bewohnenden Testaceen (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) em einem Hochgebirgsssee (Vorderer Finstertaler See, Kühtai, Tirol). Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 58: 543–568 Lampert W. (1989) Essay review: The adaptative significance of diel vertical migration of zooplankton. Funct. Ecol. 3: 21–27 Lansac-Tôha F. A., Velho L. F. M., Callegari M. C. Z., Bonecker C. C. (2000) On the occurrence of testate amoebae (Rhizopodea – Sarcodina) in Brazilian inland waters. I Family Arcellidae. Acta Sci. 22: 355–363 Lansac-Tôha F. A., Zimmermann-Callegari M. C., Velho L. F. M., Alves G. M., Fulone L. J. (2007) Species richness and geographic distribution of testate amoebas (Rhizopoda) in Brazilian aquatic environments. Acta Sci. 29: 185–195 Lansac-Tôha F. A., Bonecker C. C., Velho L. F. M., Simões N. R., Dias J. D., Alves G. M., Takahashi E. M. (2009) Biodiversity of zooplankton communities in the Upper Paraná River floodplain: interannual variation from long-term studies. Braz. J. Biol. 69: 539–549 Lansac-Tôha F. A., Velho L. F. M., Costa D. M., Simões N. R., Alves G. M. (2014) Structure of the testate amoebae community in different habitats in a neotropical floodplain. Braz. J. Biol. 74: 181–190 Laut L. L. M., Ferreira D. E. S., Santos V. F., Figueiredo A. G., Carvalho M. A., Machado O. F. (2010) Foraminifera, Thecamoebians and Palynomorphs as hydrodynamic indicators in Araguari Estuary, Amazonian Coast, Amapá State – Brazil. An. Geoc. 33: 52–65 Laut L. L. M., Martins V., Silva F. S., Crapez M. A. C., Fontana L. F., Carvalhal-Gomes S. B. V., Souza R. C. C. L. (2016) Foraminifera, thecamoebians, and bacterial activity in polluted intertropical and subtropical Brazilian estuarine systems. J. Coast. Res. 32: 56–69 Leão C. J., Leipnitz I. I., Ferreira F. (2009) Biodiversity survey of testate amoebas in sediments of artificial lakes in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Bioikos. 23: 39–49 Legendre P., Legendre L. (1998) Numerical ecology: Developments in environmental modelling. Elsevier. Amsterdam 2 Lima K. D. J. V., Arcos F. O., Serrano R. O. P., Lima Y. M. S., 2012. Risk areas and urban occupation: The case of the Raimundo Melo neighborhood. Rio Branco, Acre – Brazil. Revista Geonorte. 2: 197–206 Lippert M. A. M. (2013) Occurrence of testate amoebas in streams in western Paraná state, Brazil. Maringá: State University of Maringá. Doctoral Thesis in Comparative Biology Lippert M. A. M., Lansac-Tôha F. M., Meira B. R., Velho L. F. M., Lansac-Toha F. A. (2020) Structure and dynamics of the protoplankton community in an environmentally protected urban stream. Braz. J. Biol. 80: 844–859 Lobo E. A., Callegaro V. L. M., Hermany G., Bes D., Wetzel C. E., Oliveira M. A. (2004) Use of epilithic diatoms as bioindicators, with special emphasis to the eutrophication problem of lotic systems in Southern Brazil. Acta Limnol. Bras. 16: 25–40 Lopes M. P., Martins R. T., Silveira L. S., Alves R. G. (2015) Leaf decomposition of Picramnia sellowii (Picramniales: Picramniaceae) as an index of anthropic disturbances in tropical streams. Ver. Bras. Biol. 75: 846–853 Mansano A. S., Hisatugo K. F., Leite M. A., Luzia A. P., Regali-Seleghim M. H. (2013) Seasonal variation of the protozooplanktonic community in a tropical oligotrophic environment (Ilha Solteira reservoir, Brazil). Braz. J. Biol. 73: 321–330 Margalef R. (1963) On certain unifying principles in ecology. Am. Nat. 97: 357–374 Martínez-Fernández V., Solana-Gutiérrez J., García de Jalón D., Alonso C. (2019) Signal, strength and shape of stream fishbased metric responses to geoclimatic and human pressure gradients. Ecol. Indic. 104: 86–95 Mattheeussen R., Ledeganck P., Vincke S., Van de Vijver B., Nijs I., Beyens L. (2005) Habitat Selection of Aquatic Testate Amoebae Communities on Qeqertarsuaq (Disko Island), West Greenland. Acta Protozool. 44: 253–263 Mieczan T. (2012) Distribution of testate amoebae and ciliates in different types of peatlands and their contributions to the nutrient supply. Zool. Stud. 51: 18–26 Munn M. D., Black R. W., Gruber S. J. (2002) Response of benthic algae to environmental gradients in an agriculturally dominated landscape. J. North Am. Benthol. Soc. 21: 221–237 Ndayishimiye L. H., Ju H. K., Li X. D., Yang Z. W., Liu J., Yang J. (2019) Temperature transfer functions based on freshwater testate amoebae from China. Eur. J. Protistol. 69: 152–164 Ndayishimiye J. C., Ndayishimiye P. N., Wang Q., Yang X., Yang J. (2020) Effects of natural and anthropogenic changes on testate amoeba communities in an alpine lake over the last 2500 years. Sci. Total Environ. 721: 137684 Neiff J. J. (1996) Large rivers of South America: Toward the news approach. Verh. Internat. Verein Limnol. 26:167–181 Ogden C. G., Hedley R. H. (1980) An atlas of freshwater testate amoebae. Oxford University Press. 130: 176 Oksanen J., Blanchet F. G., Friendly M., Kindt R., Legendre P., Mcglinn D., Minchin P. R., O’hara R. B., Simpson G. L., Solymos P., Stevens M. H. H., Szoecs E., Wagner H. (2017) Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.4–0. Available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan; Accessed on 5 March 2021 Patterson R. T., Kumar A. (2000) Assessment of arcellacean (thecamoebian) assemblages, species and strains as contaminant indicators in variably contaminated James Lake, northeastern Ontario. J. Foraminiferal Res. 30: 310–320 Paul M. J., Meyer J. L. (2001) Streams in the urban landscape. In: J. M. Marzluff, E. Shulenberger, W. Endlicher, M. Alberti, G. Bradley, C. Ryan, U. Simon, C. Zumbrunnem (eds.) Urban ecology: An international perspective on the interaction between humans and nature. 32th ed. Springer. New York: 207–231 Picapedra P. H. S., Fernandes C., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2017) Zooplankton community in the upper Parnaíba River (northeastern Brazil). Braz. J. Biol. 77: 402–412 Picapedra P. H. S, Fernandes C., Baumgartner G. (2019) Structure and ecological aspects of zooplankton (Testate amoebae, Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda) in highland streams in southern Brazil. Acta Limnol. Bras. 31: 5 Picapedra P. H. S., Fernandes C., Baumgartner G., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2018) Effect of slackwater areas on the establishment of plankton communities (testate amoebae and rotifers) in a large river in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Limnetica. 37: 19–31 Rocha C. V. S., Anjos M. S., Brandão D. A., Nunes C. C. S., Rocha M. A., Nishyiama P. B., Fraga R. E., Mitsuka S. M. B. (2021) Testate amoebae (Arcellinida and Euglyphida) from Pantanal dos Marimbús, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state, Brazil, including new occurrences for the Northeast. Check List. 17: 1205–1219 Rossi A., Boscaro V., Carducci D., Serra V., Modeo L., Verni F., Fokin S. I., Petroni G. (2016) Ciliate communities and hidden biodiversity in 449 freshwater biotopes of the Pistoia province (Toscana, Italy). Eur. J. Protistol. 53: 11–19 Santi G. M., Furtado C. M., Menezes R. S., Keppeler E. C. (2012) Spatial variability of water quality parameters and indicators in the São Francisco stream sub-basin, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. UNALM. 11: 23–31 Schonborn W. (1992) The role of protozoan communities in freshwater and soil ecosystems. Acta Protozool. 31: 11–18 Schwind L. T. F., Arrieira R. L., Dias J. D., Simões N. R., Bonecker C. C., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2016) The structure of planktonic communities of testate amoebae (Arcellinida and Euglyphida) in three environments of the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. J. Limnol. 75: 78–89 Silva L. J. G., Silva M. B., Fraga R. E., Anjos M. S., Rocha C. V. S., Santos S. P., Rocha M. A. (2020) Testaceous amoebas (Arcellinida and Euglyphida) in two biotopes of a temporary aquatic body contaminated by organic waste: new occurrences for the state of Bahia. Sci. Plena. 16: 1–19 Simões N. R., Dias J. D., Leal C. M., Braghin L. S. M., Lansac-Tôha F. A., Bonecker C. C. (2013) Floods control the influence of environmental gradients on the diversity of zooplanktonic communities in a neotropical floodplain. Aquat. Sci. 75: 607–617 Smith H., Bobrov A., Lara E. (2008) Diversity and biogeography of testate amoebae. Biodivers. Conserv. 17: 329–343 Souza M. B. G. (2008) Guide to the Tecamebas Peruaçu River Basin – Minas Gerais: Subsidies for the conservation and monitoring of the São Francisco River Basin. Editor UFMG. 1: 159 Velho L. F. M., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (1996) Testate amoebae (Rhizopodea-Sarcodina) from zooplankton of the high Paraná river floodplain, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: II. Family Difflugidae. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 31: 174–192 Velho L. F. M., Lansac-Tôha F. A., Serafim-Junior M. (1996) Testate amoebae (Rhizopodea-Sarcodina) from zooplankton of the Upper Paraná River floodplain, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. I. Families Arcellidae and Centropyxidae. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 31: 35–50 Velho L. F. M., Lansac-Tôha F. A., Bonecker C. C. (2000) On the occurrence of testate amoebae (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) in Brazilian inland waters: Families Centropyxidae, Trigonopyxidae and Plagiopyxidae. Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. 22: 365–374 Velho L. F. M., Pereira D. G., Pagioro T. A., Santos V. D., Perenha M. C. Z., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2005) Abundance, biomass and size structure of planktonic ciliates in reservoirs with distinct trophic states. Acta Limnol. Bras. 17: 361–371 Velho L. F. M., Lansac-Tôha F. M., Buosi P. R. B., Meira B. R., Cabral A. F., Lansac-Tôha F. A. (2013) Structure of planktonic ciliates community (Protist, Ciliophora) from an urban lake of southern Brazil. Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. 35: 531–539 Vitousek P. M., Mooney H. A., Lubchenco J., Melillo J. M. (2008) Human domination of earth’s ecosystems. In: J. M. Marzluff, E. Shulenberger, W. Endlicher, M. Alberti, G. Bradley, C. Ryan, U. Simon, C. Zumbrunnen (eds.) Urban ecology: An international 50 perspectives on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature. Springer. 1: 3–14 Wantzen K. M., Fellerhoff C., Voss M. (2011) Isotope ecology of foodwebs in the Pantanal. In: W. J. Junk, C. J. Silva, C. N. Cunha (eds.) The Pantanal: Ecology, biodiversity and sustainable management of a large. Pensoft Publ. 597–561.