Benveniste Émile (1971). Subjectivity in language. In Problems in General Linguistics, Émile Benveniste (ed.). Trans. by Mary Elizabeth Meek, 223‒230. University of Miami Press: Coral Gables (FL).
Bhatia Aditi (2006). Critical discourse analysis of political press conferences. Discourse & Society 17(2), 173‒203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506058057.
Bhatia Vijay K. (2015). Critical Genre Analysis: Theoretical preliminaries. Hermes. Journal of Language and Communication in Business 54, 9‒20. https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v27i54.22944.
Biber Douglas, Johansson Stig, Leech Geoffrey, Conrad Susan, Finegan Edward (1999). The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Boye Kasper (2012). Epistemic Meaning: A Cross-linguistic and Functional-cognitive Study. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Brandt Per (2004). Evidentiality and enunciation. A cognitive and semiotic approach. In Perspectives on Evidentiality and Modality, Juana Isabel Marín Arrese (ed.), 3‒10. Madrid: Editorial Complutense.
Brzeźniak Filip (2020). Epidemia strachu i wojenna mobilizacja. Pierwsze miesiące pandemicznego dyskursu publicznego w Polsce. Dyskurs & Dialog 4, 79‒97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4337360.
Chilton Paul (2004). Analysing Political Discourse: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
Dendale Patrick, Tasmowski Liliane (2001). Introduction: Evidentiality and related notions. Journal of Pragmatics 33(3), 339‒348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00005-9.
Ekström Mats, Eriksson Göran (2018). Press conferences. In Routledge Handbook of Language and Politics, Ruth Wodak, Bernhard Forchtner (eds.), 342‒355. London: Routledge.
Englebretson Robert (ed.). (2007). Stancetaking in Discourse: Subjectivity, Evaluation, Interaction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Gilray Claire (2021). Performative control and rhetoric in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Response to COVID-19. Frontiers in Political Science 3, 662245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.662245.
Goffman Erving (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday.
Habermas Jürgen (1984). The Theory of Communicative Action, vol. I: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Trans. by Thomas Mccarthy. Boston: Beacon. [German, 1981, vol. 1].
Hafner Christoph, Sun Tongle (2021). The ‘team of 5 million’: The joint construction of leadership discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand.
Discourse, Context & Media 43, 100523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100523.
Halliday Michael Alexander Kirkwood (1989). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.
Hart Christopher, Winter Bodo (2022). Gesture and legitimation in the anti-immigration discourse of Nigel Farage. Discourse & Society 33(1), 34‒55. https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265211048560.
Hoffmann Marta (2022). Polscy parlamentarzyści wobec pandemii COVID-19. Przykład scjentyfikacji debaty publicznej? Politeja 2(77), 253‒272. https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.19.2022.77.11.
Jaworska Sylvia (2021). Competence and collectivity: The discourse of Angela Merkel’s media communications during the first wave of the pandemic. Discourse, Context & Media 42, 100506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100506.
Kearns Robin (2021). Narrative and metaphors in New Zealand’s efforts to eliminate COVID-19. Geographical Research 59(3), 324‒330. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12492.
Langacker Ronald W. (2000). Grammar and Conceptualization. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Langacker Ronald W. (2009). Investigations in Cognitive Grammar. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Łotocki Łukasz, Mikiński Krzysztof (2022). Strefy konfliktu w polskim dyskursie politycznym wokół strategii walki z pandemią COVID-19. Studia Politologiczne 65, 212‒243. https://doi.org/10.33896/SPolit.2022.65.10.
Marín Arrese Juana Isabel (2009). Commitment and subjectivity in the discourse of a judicial inquiry. In Modality in English, Raphael Salkie, Pierre Busuttil, Johan Van Der Auwera (eds.), 237‒268. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Marín Arrese Juana Isabel (2011). Effective vs. epistemic stance and subjectivity in political discourse. Legitimising strategies and mystification of responsibility. In Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition, Christopher Hart (ed.), 193‒223. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Marín Arrese Juana Isabel (2015). Epistemic legitimisation and inter/subjectivity in the discourse of parliamentary and public inquiries: A contrastive case study. Critical Discourse Studies 12(3), 261‒278. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2015.1013484.
Marín Arrese Juana Isabel (2021). Winds of war: Epistemic and effective control in political discourse on war. Cultura, Lenguaje y Representación/Culture, Language and Representation Vol. XXV, 1‒19. https://doi.org/10.6035/clr.5858.
Meadows Cui Zhang, Tang Lu, Zou Wenxue (2022). Managing government legitimacy during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: A semantic network analysis of state-run media Sina Weibo posts. Chinese Journal of Communication 15(2), 156‒181. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2021.2016876.
Mpofu Shepherd (ed.). (2021). Digital Humour in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Perspectives from the Global South. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ochs Elinor (1996). Linguistic resources for socialising humanity. In Rethinking Linguistic Relativity, John J. Gumperz, Stephen C. Levinson (eds.), 407‒437. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reyes Antonio (2011). Strategies of legitimisation in political discourse: From words to actions. Discourse & Society 22(6), 781‒801. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926511419927.
Swales John M. (1990). Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsui Amy B.M. (1991). The pragmatic functions of ‘I don’t knowʼ. TEXT 11(4), 607‒622. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1991.11.4.607.
Van Leeuwen Theo (2007). Legitimation in discourse and communication. Discourse & Communication 1(1), 91‒112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481307071986.
Weber Max (1968). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretative Sociology, vol. 2. New York, NY: Bedminster Press.
Williams Jamie, Wright David (2022). Ambiguity, responsibility and political action in the UK daily COVID-19 briefings. Critical Discourse Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2022.2110132.
Primary sources
Press conference held by Jacinda Ardern and Ashley Bloomfield, 14 February 2022. Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZKQOGy0CIg (date of access: 20 March 2022).
Press conference held by Jacinda Ardern and Ayesha Verrall, 23 March 2022. Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_hp6vhcPhY&t=174s (date of access: 20 March 2022).
Press conference held by Adam Niedzielski and Przemysław Czarnek, 9 February 2022. Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgQDmLo_K6E (date of access: 20 March 2022).
Press conference held by Mateusz Morawiecki and Adam Niedzielski, 23 February 2022. Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZXUSei-uoI (date of access: 20 March 2022).