TY - JOUR
TI - Between administrative Scylla and academic Charybdis: Clerk or historian — dilemmas in the early days of professional archival science in the United States
AU - Pudłowski, Leszek
TI - Between administrative Scylla and academic Charybdis: Clerk or historian — dilemmas in the early days of professional archival science in the United States
AB - 
	In the United States, two main trends in archival science can be distinguished: traditional archival activities related to administration on the one hand, and on the other, active citizens who wanted to record the development of the new country. The foundation for the official administration and institutions was laid by Charles Thomson, the secretary of the first rebel Continental Congress in 1774. He worked in the parliament and laid the groundwork for the central authorities’ archive, encompassing 518 volumes. Thus, he is rightly referred to as the “godfather” of all American archivists. At the first session of the Congress after the USA had gained independence, in September 1789, it adopted the Act to provide for the safe-keeping of the Acts, Records and Seal of the United States. However, the authorities failed to establish the National Archives throughout the whole 19th century. The second trend in the history of American archival science was shaped by history lovers, with their individual collections and ephemera. With time, those grew into full-fledged, institutional libraries or were incorporated into the fonds of other archives, libraries, or museums. The most prominent collectors included Ebenezer Hazard, Jared Sparks, and Lyman Copeland Draper. Over time, individual states also started establishing historical and archival institutions, which grew to become centers of historical information or archival offices of state governments. The National Archives were only established in 1934, and employed many historians who hoped to work on the history of the country; however, the influx of contemporary documentation meant that only after many years of tedious, bureaucratic work could they start any actual historical cooperation. Meanwhile, the dispute regarding the line between the vocations of an archivist and a historian remains unresolved until today.
VL - 2022
IS - Vol. IX
PY - 2022
SN - 2391-890X
C1 - 2720-4774
SP - 73
EP - 97
DO - 10.4467/2391-890XPAH.22.005.17217
UR - https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/przeglad-archiwalno-historyczny/article/miedzy-administracyjna-scylla-i-uczona-charybda-urzednik-czy-historyk-rozterki-u-narodzin-profesjonalnej-archiwistyki-w-stanach-zjednoczonych
KW - archival science in the United States
KW - the origins of American archives
KW - American National Archives
KW - American state archives
KW - pioneers of American archival science