Pharaoh’s Successors and a Revived Joseph: Ptolemaic Memory in the First and Second Books of Maccabees
Choose format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEPublication date: 24.04.2026
ELECTRUM, 2026, Volume 33, pp. 75-100
https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909EL.26.004.23117Authors
Pharaoh’s Successors and a Revived Joseph: Ptolemaic Memory in the First and Second Books of Maccabees
References to Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII of Egypt in the First and Second Books of Maccabees are relatively sparse. However, Philometor and his brother were definitely involved in the events portrayed in these Hasmonean reflections on a recent past. Although Mattathias’ descendants may appear less central in a literary analysis focused on the Ptolemies in 1 and 2 Maccabees, they remain significant as they embody the “authorial present” of both books
LSJ9 – A Greek-English Lexicon. With a Revised Supplement, ed. H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, H. Stuart Jones, Oxford.
MGH AA 5/1 – Monumenta Germaniae historica. Auctores antiquissimi, vol. 5/1: Iordanis Romana et Getica, ed. T. Mommsen, Berolini.
Abakumov, A. A. (2018), “‘… Пока мечи не затупились’: палестинская кампания Птолемея IX (103 г. до н.э.)” [“‘… Until Their Swords Became Blunted’: Ptolemy IX’s Campaign in Palestine (103 BCE)’”], in: O. L. Gabelko, A. V. Makhlauyk, A. A. Sinitsyn (eds.), Πεντηκονταετία. Исследования по античной истории и культуре, Sankt-Peterburg: 163–179.
Achilli, I. (2017), Greci ed Ebrei da Ecateo di Abdera ai Maccabei, Sileno 43: 1–14.
Amitay, O. (2022), Alexander in Ancient Jewish Literature, in: R. Stoneman (ed.), A History of Alexander the Great in World Culture, Cambridge: 109–142.
Attridge, H. W. (1984), Historiography, in: M. E. Stone (ed.), Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period: Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran Sactarian Writings, Philo, Josephus, Assen–Philadelphia, PA: 157–184.
Avemarie, F., Bukovec, P., Krauter, S., Tilly, M. (eds.) (2017), Die Makkabäer, Tübingen.
Baltrusch, E. (2005), “Wie können Juden Alexandriner Sein.” Juden, Griechen und Römer in Alexandria,” in: L. Troiani, G. Zecchini (eds.), La cultura storica nei primi due secoli dell’Impero Romano, Roma: 145–162.
Bar-Kochva, B. (2002), Judas Maccabaeus: The Jewish Struggle Against the Seleucids, Cambridge.
Baronowski, D. W. (2011), Polybius and Roman Imperialism, London.
Beek, A. L. (2021), Penis Envy: Challenging God’s Covenant in the Hellenistic Debates over Epispasm, Circumcision, and the Gymnasium in 2 Maccabees, in: N. P. L. Allen, P. J. Jordaan (eds.), Rhetoric in 2 Maccabees: Challenging God, Newcastle upon Tyne: 42–64.
Bell, H. I., Skeat, T. C. (1935), rev. of W. Otto, Zur Geschichte der Zeit des 6. Ptolemäers, JEA 21: 262–264.
Bennett (2001–2012), Ptolemaic Dynasty, online.
Bernhardt, J. Ch. (2017), Die jüdische Revolution: Untersuchungen zu Ursachen, Verlauf und Folgen der hasmonäischen Erhebung, Berlin.
Berthelot, K. (2014), Reclaiming the Land (1 Maccabees 15:28–36): Hasmonean Discourse between Biblical Tradition and Seleucid Rhetoric, JBL 133: 539–559.
Bickermann, E. (1930), rev. of M. S. Ginsburg, Rome et la Judée, Gnomon 6/7: 357–361.
Bickermann, E. (1933), Ein jüdischer Festbrief vom Jahre 124 v. Chr. (II Macc 1 1–9), ZNTW 32: 233–254.
Bickermann, E. (1937), Der Gott der Makkabäer. Untersuchungen über Sinn und Ursprung der makkabäischen Erhebung, Berlin.
Bickerman, E. (1976–1986), Studies in Jewish and Christian History, vol. 1–2, Leiden.
Bickerman, E. (20072), Studies in Jewish and Christian History: A New Edition in English Including “The God of the Maccabees,” ed. by E. Tropper, vol. 1–2, Leiden–Boston.
Bielman Sánchez, A., Lenzo, G. (2015), Inventer le pouvoir féminin: Cléopâtre I et Cléopâtre II, reines d’Egypte au IIe s. av. J.-C., Bern–Frankfurt am Main.
Bolyki, J. (2007), “As Soon as the Signal was Given” (2 Macc 4:14): Gymnasia in the Service of Hellenism, in: Zsengellér – Xeravits 2007: 131–139.
Borchardt, F. (2009), Concepts of Scripture in 1 Maccabees, in: C. A. Evans, H. D. Zacharias (eds.), Early Christian Literature and Intertextuality, Edinburgh: 24–41.
Borchardt, F. (2016), Reading Aid: 2 Maccabees and the History of Jason of Cyrene Reconsidered, JSJ 47: 71–87.
Bringmann, K. (1983), Hellenistische Reform und Religionsverfolgung in Judäa. Eine Untersuchung zur jüdisch-hellenistischen Geschichte (175–163 v. Chr.), Göttingen.
Bunge, J. G. (1974), “Theos Epiphanes:” Zu den ersten fünf Regierungsjahren Antiochos’ IV. Epiphanes, Historia 23: 57–85.
Canali De Rossi, F. (1997), Le ambascerie dal mondo greco a Roma in età repubblicana, Roma.
Capponi, L. (2010), Aristoboulos and the Hieros Logos of the Egyptian Jews, in: T. Gagos, A. Hyatt (eds.), Proceedings of the 25th International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor: 109–120.
Cavaignac, E. (1951), À propos des monnaies de Tryphon. L’ambassade de Scipion Emilien, RN (Series 5) 13: 131–138.
Champollion-Figeac, J.-J. (1819), Annales des Lagides: ou, Chronologie des rois grecs d’Égypte, successeurs d’Alexandre-le-Grand, vol. 2, Paris.
Choi, D. (2020), The Use and Function of Scripture in 1 Maccabees, London.
Collins, J. J. (1974), The Provenance and Date of the Third Sibyl, BIJS 2: 1–18.
Collins, J. J., Sterling, G. E. (2001) (eds.), Hellenism in the Land of Israel, Notre Dame, IN.
Cook, J. (2008), Ptolemy Philadelphus and Jewish Writings, in: P. McKechnie, P. Guillaume (eds.), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World, Leiden–Boston: 193–206.
Coşkun, A. (2018), “Friendship and Alliance” between the Judaeans under Judas Maccabee and the Romans (1 Macc 8: 17–32): A Response to Linda Zollschan’s Rome and Judaea, Electrum 25: 85–125.
Dagut, M. B. (1953), II Maccabees and the Death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, JBL 72: 149–157.
Dalby, A. (2003), Food in the Ancient World from A to Z, London–New York.
Darshan, G. (2017), Textual History of the Account of Alexander the Great in 1 Maccabees, Biblica 98: 600–609.
Dąbrowa, E. (2010), The Hasmoneans and Their State: A Study in History, Ideology, and the Institutions, Kraków.
Derfler, S. L. (1989), The Hasmonean Revolt: Rebellion or Revolution, Lewiston, NY–Lampeter–Queenston.
Doran, R. (1979), 2 Maccabees and “Tragic History,” HUCA 50: 107–114.
Doran, R. (2012), 2 Maccabees: A Critical Commentary, Minneapolis, MN.
Droysen, J. G. (1893–1894), Kleine Schriften zur alten Geschichte, ed. by E. Hübner, vol. 1–2, Leipzig.
Dumitru, A. (2016), Kleopatra Selene: A Look at the Moon and Her Bright Side, in: A. Coşkun, A. McAuley (eds.), Seleukid Royal Women: Creation, Representation and Distortion of Hellenistic Queenship in the Seleukid Empire, Stuttgart: 253–272.
Eckhardt, B. (2016), The Hasmoneans and their Rivals in Seleucid and Post-Seleucid Judea, JSJ 47: 55–70.
Ehling, K. (2008), Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der späten Seleukiden (164–63 v. Chr.). Vom Tode des Antiochos IV. bis zur Einrichtung der Provinz Syria unter Pompeius, Stuttgart.
Farmer, W. R. (1956), Maccabees, Zealots, and Josephus: An Inquiry into Jewish Nationalism in the Greco-Roman Period, New York.
Fischer, T. (1980), Seleukiden und Makkabäer. Beiträge zur Seleukiden-geschichte und zu den politischen Ereignissen in Judäa während der 1. Hälfte des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr., Bochum.
Gaggero, G. (1979), Palestina e Giudea fra III e II secolo a.C., Genova.
Gauger, J.-D. (1977), Beiträge zur jüdischen Apologetik. Untersuchungen zur Authentizität von Urkunden bei Flavius Josephus und im I. Makkabäerbuch, Köln–Bonn.
Gauthier, H. (1916), Livre des rois d’Égypte, vol. 4: Recueil des titres et protocoles royaux, noms propres de rois, reines, princes, princesses, et parents des rois, suivi d’un index alphabétique. De la XXVe dynastie à la fin des Ptolémées: 2, Le Caire.
Girbau, B. M. (1962), Sobre la fecha de la muerte de Antíoco IV Epifanes en I Mac., Estudios Biblicos 21: 69–74.
Goldstein, J. A. (1975), The Hasmonaeans: The Dynasty of God’s Resistor’s, HThR 68: 53–58.
Goldstein, J. A. (1976), I Maccabees, Garden City, NY.
Goldstein, J. A. (1983), II Maccabees, Garden City, NY.
Goldstein, J. A. (1989), The Hasmonean Revolt and the Hasmonean Dynasty, in: W. D. Davies, L. Finkelstein (eds.), The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 2: The Hellenistic Age, Cambridge: 292–351.
Goldstein, J. A. (2020), Semites, Iranians, Greeks, and Romans: Studies in their Interactions, Atlanta, GA.
Gorre, G. (2023), Les politiques lagides et seleucides envers les temples. Le cas des temples égyptiens et des temples yahvistes de Samarie et Judée, Leuven–Paris–Bristol, CT.
Grabbe, L. L. (1991), Maccabean Chronology: 167–164 or 168–165 BCE, JBL 110: 59–74.
Gruen, E. S. (1984), The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome, vol. 2, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London.
Gruen, E. S. (1997a), The Origins and Objectives of Onias’ Temple, SCI 16: 49–70.
Gruen, E. S. (1997b), Fact and Fiction: Jewish Legends in a Hellenistic Context, in: P. Cartledge, P. Garnsey, E. S. Gruen (eds.), Hellenistic Constructs: Essays in Culture, History, and Historiography, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London: 72–88.
Gruen, E. S. (1998), Heritage and Hellenism: The Reinvention of Jewish Tradition, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London.
Gruen, E. S. (2008), The Letter of Aristeas and the Cultural Context of the Septuagint, in: M. Karrer, W. Kraus (eds.), Die Septuaginta—Texte, Kontexte, Lebenswelten, Tübingen: 134–156.
Gruen, E. S. (2016), The Construct of Identity in Hellenistic Judaism. Essays on Early Jewish Literature and History, Berlin–Boston.
Habicht, Ch. (1976a), 2. Makkabäerbuch, Gütersloh.
Habicht, Ch. (1976b), Royal Documents in Maccabees II, HSCPh 80: 1–18.
Hengel, M. (1981), Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their Encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period, Philadelphia, PA.
Herr, B. (2009), Der Standpunkt des Epitomators. Perspektivenwechsel in der Forschung am Zweiten Makkabäerbuch, Biblica 90: 1–31.
Himmelfarb, M. (1998), Judaism and Hellenism in 2 Maccabees, Poetics Today 19/1: 19–40.
Hofmann, J. Ch. C. (1835), De bellis ab Antiocho Epiphane adversus Ptolemaeos gestis, Erlangae.
Hoffmann, J. F. (1873), Antiochus IV. Epiphanes, König von Syrien. Ein Beitrag zur allgemeinen und insbesondere israelitischen Geschichte, mit einem Anhange über Antiochus im Buche Daniel, Leipzig.
Hölbl, G. (2001), A History of the Ptolemaic Empire, ed. by T. Saavedra, London–New York.
Holladay, C. R. (1995), Fragments from Hellenistic Jewish Authors, vol. 3: Aristobulus, Chico, CA.
Honigman, S. (2014), Tales of High Priests and Taxes: The Books of the Maccabees and the Judean Rebellion against Antiochos IV, Oakland, CA.
Huß, W. (2001), Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit. 332–30 v. Chr., München.
Jouguet, P. (1937), Les débuts du règne de Ptolémée Philométor et la sixième guerre syrienne, d’après un mémoire de M. Walter Otto, RPh 11: 193–238.
Keil, K. (1846), Griechische Inschriften, Philologus 1: 292–303.
Kiang, D. (1962), An Unpublished Coin Portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor, ANSMusN 10: 69–76.
Klawans, J. (1995), Notions of Gentile Impurity in Ancient Judaism, AJS Rev. 20: 285–312.
Klęczar, A. (2017), Creating the King: The Image of Alexander the Great in 1 Maccabees, 1–10, in: T. Howe, S. Müller, R. Stoneman (eds.), Ancient Historiography on War and Empire, Oxford: 200–207.
Klęczar, A. (2018), Alexander in the Jewish tradition: From Second Temple Writings to Hebrew Alexander Romances, in: K. R. Moore (ed.), Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great, Leiden–Boston: 379–402.
Laemmer, M. (1972), Jason’s Gymnasium in Jerusalem, in: U. Simri (ed.), The Proceedings of the Pre-Olympic Seminar on the History of Physical Education and Sport in Asia, Netanya: 51–70.
Lange, A. (2007), 2 Maccabees 2:13–15: Library or Canon?, in: Zsengellér – Xeravits 2007: 155–167.
Lange, A. (2017), Jeremia in den Makkabäerbüchern, in: Avemarie et al. 2017: 209–219.
Legh Allen, N. P. (2021), The Epitome of 2 Maccabees: The Rhetoric of a New Jewish Theology of Salvation, in: N. P. Legh Allen, P. J. Jordaan (eds.), Rhetoric in 2 Maccabees: Challenging God, Newcastle upon Tyne: 16–41.
Lemelin, I. (2019), Le 2ème livre des Maccabées et son schéma deutéronomiste, Studies in Religion 48: 3–23.
Lemonnyer, A. (1910), Le Culte des dieux étrangers en Israël. La “Reine du Ciel,” Revue des Sciences philosophiques et théologiques 4: 82–103.
Lévy, I. (1950–1951), Ptolémée Lathyre et les Juifs, HUCA 23: 127–136.
Llewellyn-Jones, L., McAuley, A. (2023), Sister-Queens in the High Hellenistic Period: Kleopatra Thea and Kleopatra III, London–New York.
Lorein, G. W. (2001), Some Aspects of the Life and Death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes: A New Presentation of Old Viewpoints, AncSoc 31: 157–171.
MacRae, D. E. (2016), Reading the Roman-Jewish Treaty in 1 Maccabees 8, Hermathena 200–201: 73–94.
Macurdy, G. H. (1932), Hellenistic Queens: A Study of Woman-Power in Macedonia, Seleucid, Syria and Ptolemaic Egypt, Baltimore.
Mandell, S. R. (1991), Did the Maccabees Believe that They Had a Valid Treaty with Rome?, CBQ 53: 202–220.
Manni, E. (1950), L’Egitto tolemaico nei suoi rapporti politici con Roma, II: L’instaurazione del protettorato romano, RFIC n.s. 28: 229–262.
Mazzarino, S. (1990), Il pensiero storico classico, vol. 1–3, 2nd ed., Roma–Bari.
Mazzucchi, R. (2009), A Gymnasium in Jerusalem, in: I. Xydopoulos. A. Gémes, F. Peyrou (eds.), Institutional Changes and Stability: Conflicts, Transitions, Social Values, Pisa: 19–34.
Mendels, D. (2019), An Overlooked Treatise in Greek Political Thought: An Essay on 2 Maccabees as a Hellenistic Politico-Theological Manifest, JSP 29: 100–131.
Mittag, P. F. (2006), Antiochos IV. Epiphanes: eine politische Biographie, Berlin.
Momigliano, A. (1931), Prime linee di storia della tradizione maccabaica, Torino.
Momigliano, A. (1975a), Alien Wisdom: The Limits of Hellenization, Cambridge.
Momigliano, A. (1975b), The Second Book of Maccabees, CPh 70: 81–88.
Momigliano, A. (1982), La storiografia greca, Torino.
Momigliano, A. (1987), Pagine ebraiche, ed. S. Berti, Torino.
Mørkholm, O. (1966), Antiochus IV of Syria, København.
Morrison, G. (2009), The Composition of II Maccabees: Insights Provided by a Literary topos, Biblica 90: 564–572.
Motzo, B. (1924), Saggi di storia e letteratura giudeo-ellenistica, Firenze.
Muccioli, F. (2004), Il “re dell’Asia:” ideologia e propaganda da Alessandro Magno a Mitridate VI, Simblos 4: 105–158.
Mülke, M. (2018), Aristobulos in Alexandria. Jüdische Bibelexegese zwischen Griechen und Ägyptern unter Ptolemaios VI. Philometor, Berlin–Boston.
Nawotka, K. (2018), I Maccabees and the Alexander Romance, in: K. Nawotka, R. Rollinger, J. Wiesehöfer, A. Wojciechowska (eds.), The Historiography of Alexander the Great, Wiesbaden: 157–176.
Nelis, J. T. (1975), II Makkabeeën, Bussum.
Niese, B. (1900), Kritik der beiden Makkabäerbücher nebst Beitragen zur Geschichte der makkabäischen Erhebung, Hermes 35: 268–307; 453–527.
Oliverio, G. (1932), Documenti antichi dell’Africa italiana, vol. 1: Cirenaica, 1: La stele di Tolemeo Neòteros re di Cirene, Bergamo.
Otto, W. (1934), Zur Geschichte der Zeit des 6. Ptolemäers. Ein Beitrag zur Politik und zum Staatsrecht des Hellenismus, München.
Parente, F. (1994), Onias III’ Death and the Founding of the Temple of Leontopolis, in: F. Parente, J. Sievers (eds.), Josephus and the History of the Greco-Roman Period: Essays in Memory of Morton Smith, Leiden–New York–Köln: 68–98.
Parker, V. (2007), The Letters in II Maccabees: Reflexions on the Book’s Composition, ZAW 119/3: 386–402.
Parker, V. (2013), The Date of the Material in ‘II Maccabees’: The Bureaucratic Evidence, Hermes 141/1: 34–44.
Parker, V. (2020), On the Historical Value of 2 Maccabees, Klio 102: 44–70.
Patrizi, F. S. (1856), De consensu utriusque libri Machabaeorum, Romae.
Penna, A. (ed.) (1953), La Sacra Bibbia. Libri dei Maccabei, Torino–Roma.
Penna, A. (1965), Διαθήχη e συνθήχη nei libri dei Maccabei, Biblica 46: 149–180.
Piejko, F. (1982), Ptolemies in a List of Deified Seleucids from Teos, OGIS 246, ZPE 49: 129–131.
Piotrkowski, M. M. (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, Berlin–Boston.
Poole, R. S. (1865), Coins of the Ptolemies. (Continued), NC n.s. 5: 321–336.
Ritter, H.-W. (1965), Diadem und Königsherrschaft. Untersuchungen zu Zeremonien und Rechtsgrundlagen des Herrschaftsantritts bei den Persern, bei Alexander dem Grossen und im Hellenismus, München.
Rosen-Zvi, I. (2016), What If We Got Rid of the Goy? Rereading Ancient Jewish Distinctions, JSJ 47: 149–182.
Santi Amantini, L. (1972), Fonti e valore storico di Pompeo Trogo (Iustin. XXXV e XXXVI), Genova.
Santi Amantini, L. (1974), Tolemeo VI Filometore re di Siria?, RIL 108: 511–529.
Schenk von Stauffenberg, A. (1972), Der Freiheitskampf der Makkabäer, in: A. Schenk von Stauffenberg, Macht und Geist. Vorträge und Abhandlungen zur Alten Geschichte, München: 249–259.
Schipper, B. U. (2011), Gen. 41:42 and the Egyptian Background to the Investiture of Joseph, RB 118: 331–338.
Schlatter, A. (1891), Jason von Kyrene. Ein Beitrag zu seiner Wiederherstellung, München.
Schorch, S. (2007), The Libraries in 2 Macc 2:13–15, and the Torah as a Public Document in Second Century BC Judaism, in: Zsengellér – Xeravits 2007: 169–180.
Schunck, K.-D. (1980), 1. Makkabäerbuch, Gütersloh.
Schwartz, D. R. (1982), Apollonius, Son of Menestheus: Whose Ambassador?, AJAH 7: 45–52.
Schwartz, D. R. (2001), Antiochus IV Epiphanes in Jerusalem, in: D. Goodblatt, A. Pinnick, D. R. Schwartz (eds.), Historical Perspectives: From the Hasmoneans to Bar Kokhba in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Leiden: 45–56.
Schwartz, D. R. (2008), 2 Maccabees, Berlin–New York.
Schwartz, D. R. (2022), 1 Maccabees: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, New Haven, CT–London.
Schwartz, S. (1991), Israel and the Nations Roundabout: 1 Maccabees and the Hasmonean Expansion, JJS 42: 16–38.
Schwartz, S. (1993), Scipio’s Embassy and Simon’s Ambassadors (I Maccabees 15), SCI 12: 114–126.
Schwentzel, C.-G. (2009), Images du pouvoir et fonctions des souverains hasmonéens, RBi 116: 368–386.
Scolnic, B. (2013), The Milesian Connection: Dan 11:23 and Antiochus IV’s Rise to Power, Vetus Testamentum 63: 89–98.
Seibert, J. (1967), Historische Beiträge zu den dynastischen Verbindungen in hellenistischer Zeit, Wiesbaden.
Shatzman, I. (2001), L’integrazione della Giudea nell’Impero romano, in: D. Asheri, A. Lewin, R. Volponi (eds.), Gli ebrei nell’Impero romano, Firenze: 17–46.
Shore, A. F., Smith, H. S. (1959), Two Unpublished Demotic Documents from the Asyūṭ Archive, JEA 45: 52–60.
Signori, G. (2012), Dying for the Faith, Killing for the Faith: Old-Testament Faith-Warriors (1 and 2 Maccabees) in Historical Perspective, Leiden–Boston.
Simkovich, M. Z. (2011), Greek Influence on the Composition of 2 Maccabees, JSJ 42: 293–310.
Sordi, M. (1975), L’elogio dei Romani nel I libro dei Maccabei, CISA 3: 95–104.
Sterling, G. E. (2001), Judaism between Jerusalem and Alexandria, in: Collins – Sterling 2001: 263–301.
Stern, M. (1973), Die Urkunden, in: J. Maier, J. Schreiner (eds.), Literatur und Religion des Frühjudentums. Eine Einführung, Gütersloh: 181–199.
Stothers, R. (2007), Unidentified Flying Objects in Classical Antiquity, CJ 103: 79–92.
Taylor, J. E. (1998), A Second Temple in Egypt: The Evidence for the Zedokite Temple of Onias, JSJ 29: 297–321.
Tilly, M. (2015), Use and Function of Metaphorical Discourse in 1 Maccabees, J. Semitics 24: 381–399.
Tod, M. N. (1934), Greek Inscriptions at Cairness House, JHS 54: 140–162.
Trampedach, K. (2012), The War of the Hasmoneans, in: Signori 2012: 61–78.
Troiani, L. (2003), Il modello ellenistico, Studi ellenistici 15: 215–227.
Troiani, L. (2008), Note storiografiche sopra I e II Maccabei, Studi ellenistici 20: 347–370.
Trotter, Ch. R. (2023), Hellenistic Jews and Consolatory Rhetoric: 2 Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, 1 Thessalonians, and Hebrews, Tübingen.
Trotter, J. R. (2017), 2 Maccabees 10:1–8: Who Wrote It and Where Does It Belong?, JBL 136: 117–130.
Vaillant, J. (1701), Historia Ptolemaeorum Aegypti regum, ad fidem numismatum accommodata, Amstelaedami.
van Henten, J. W. (2001), The Honorary Decree for Simon the Maccabee (1 Macc 14:25–49) in Its Hellenistic Context, in: Collins – Sterling 2001: 116–145.
van Henten, J. W. (2007), Royal Ideology: 1 and 2 Maccabees and Egypt, in: T. Rajak, S. Pearce, J. Aitken, J. Dines (eds.), Jewish Perspectives on Hellenistic Rulers, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London: 265–282.
van Henten, J. W. (2023), God in the Second Books of Maccabees: The Connection between Words and Deeds, in: Die Skriflig 57/1, https://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2305-08532023000100026.
Van ’t Dack, E., Clarysse, W., Cohen, G., Quaegebeur, J., Winnicki, J. K. (1989), Judean-Syrian-Egyptian Conflict of 103–101 B.C.: A Multilingual Dossier Concerning a “War of Sceptres,” Brussel.
van ’t Hof, P. (1955), Bijdrage tot de kennis van Antiochus IV Epiphanes, koning van Syrië, Amsterdam.
Vannini, G. (2020), Questioni conviviali: osservazioni sui triclini di Trimalchione, Pan n.s. 9: 63–83.
Wacholder, B. Z. (1978), The Letter from Judah Maccabee to Aristobulus: Is 2 Maccabees 1:10b-2:18 Authentic?, HUCA 49: 89–133.
Walbank, F. W. (1957–1979), A Historical Commentary on Polybius, vol. 1–3, Oxford.
Weitzman, S. (2004), Plotting Antiochus’s Persecution, JBL 123: 219–234.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von (1901), Zwei Gedichte aus der Zeit Euergetes’ II, APF 1: 219–225.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von (1971), Kleine Schriften, vol. 2: Hellenistische, spätgriechische und lateinische Poesie, ed. by R. Pfeiffer, Berlin–Boston.
Will, E. (1979–1982), Histoire politique du monde hellénistique (323–30 av. J.-C.), vol. 1–2, Nancy.
Will, É., Orrieux, C. (1986), Ioudaïsmos-hellenismos. Essai sur le judaïsme judéen à l’époque hellénistique, Nancy.
Williams, D. S. (1999), The Structure of 1 Maccabees, Washington (DC).
Williams, D. S. (2001), A Literary Encircling Pattern in 1 Maccabees 1, JBL 120: 140–142.
Willrich, H. (1900), Judaica. Forschungen zur hellenistisch-jüdischen Geschichte und Litteratur, Göttingen.
Wittmann, R. G. (1968), Flying Saucers or Flying Shields, CJ 63: 223–226.
Zeitlin, S. (1932–1933), The Tobias Family and the Hasmoneans: A Historical Study in the Political and Economic Life of the Jews of the Hellenistic Period, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 4: 169–223.
Zelinskyi, A. L. (2022), Птолемеї та хеб-сед: характер застосування ритуалу сакрального оновлення в елліністичному Єгипті [Ptolemies and Sed-Festival: The Character of the Application of the Sacral Rejuvenation Ritual in the Hellenistic Egypt], Shodoznavstvo 90: 63–92.
Zsengellér, G. G., Xeravits, J. (2007) (eds.), The Books of the Maccabees: History, Theology, Ideology, Leiden–Boston.
Information: ELECTRUM, 2026, Volume 33, pp. 75-100
Article type: Original scientific article
University of Verona
Italy
Published at: 24.04.2026
Article status: Open
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Percentage share of authors:
Article corrections:
-Publication languages:
EnglishView count: 77
Number of downloads: 135