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Motywy biblijne i mitologiczne w pieśniach Aleksandra Galicza

Olga Lewandowska

Źródła Humanistyki Europejskiej , Volume 6, 2013, pp. 1-1

Творчество Александра Галича, выдающегося русского барда ХХ века, посвящено проблематике жизни в условиях тоталитаризма, героизма преследуемых режимом. В песнях Галича можно найти много библейских и мифологических мотивов. В дан- ной статье рассматриваются исполняемые ими роли, а также способы преобразования мифа. Таким образом, библейские и мифологические мотивы становятся символами человеческих поступков, придают им универсальный характер; они составлены по принципу контраста с современными поэту явлениями. Для творчества Галича харак- терна интертекстуальность, ибо автор вступает в диалог с наследием родной и евро- пейской литературы и культуры. Поэт подчеркивает вневременный и универсальный характер христианских ценностей, которые помогают преодолеть духовный кризис советского общества.

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Różne aspekty humoru w twórczości bardów: Aleksandra Galicza, Jacka Kleyffa, Bułata Okudżawy i Jana Kelusa

Olga Lewandowska

Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, Volume 8, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 99-117

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843933ST.13.007.2007

The article is devoted to the topic of the role of humour in songs of prominent Russian and Polish bards – Alexander Galich, Jacek Kleyff, Bulat Okudzava and Jan Kelus. The poets find counterbalance to the totalitarian system in irony, satire, parody and caricature. Showing the destructive action of the communist state in relation to the individual, they ridicule specific phenomena and behaviours. They show human tragedy that results from the fact that one is not able to fully realize his or her humanity and one is deprived of dignity. Irony and parody help people to see the problem and understand that laughter is capable of overcoming social apathy and fear. Emotional engagement makes Galich and Kleyff choose satire and tragic irony, Kelus uses mostly paradoxes and parodies, while humoristic attitude and distance from the reality lead Okudzava to use self-irony. The possibility of showing humoristic aspect of life in a non-democratic country helps the audience to be serene and gives people advantage over the oppressive authority.

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Doświadczenie emigracji w poezji Josifa Brodskiego

Olga Lewandowska

Przekładaniec, Issue 30 – Brodski, 2015, pp. 57-72

https://doi.org/10.4467/16891864PC.15.004.4442

The paper discusses the experience of emigration, one of the major themes in Joseph Brodsky’s poetry. Adaptation to new conditions involved meeting “the Other”: the culture and space of the United States, and accustoming oneself to them. An important factor in the process was Brodsky’s nomadism, understood as the need to move, seeking one’s own identity and manifesting one’s freedom. The theme of exile in Brodsky’s poetry can be seen as a significant feature of twentieth-century literature. The poet often uses irony and self-irony to stress his distance to both the foreign space and his own negative emotions in relation to the place of exile. His early immigration texts are strongly charged emotionally, which is increased by his fear of forthcoming senility. Brodsky’s alienation is reflected in the spaces he describes, clearly showing isolation and loneliness. To adopt a new space, claim it as one’s own, it is necessary to know its traits and history, and to experience it sensually, discover its beauty. Heidegger calls it “contemplative thinking”. As such, the domestication has several levels: knowledge and aesthetic, sensual experience, which leads to acknowledging the presence of spiritual values. Assuming successive places as one’s own, as home, internalizing their spiritual content, one encounters the essence itself, the “being”. Brodsky was a citizen of the world, who felt and saw his own biography as a transcultural space. He was open to and acceptive of “the Other”, while maintaining his own identity and a distanced, critical point of view.

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Olga Lewandowska

Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland

Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland