Iwona Sakowicz‑Tebinka
Studia Historica Gedanensia, Vol. 13 (2022), 2022, pp. 121-134
https://doi.org/10.4467/23916001HG.22.008.17428The article aims to analyze the opinions of British newspapers about Russia and its foreign policy –precisely the Eastern Question between 1855 and 1878. The research was based on the editorial articles published on the pages of the most influential London dailies. The Crimean war of 1855 and the war scare of 1878 confirmed the already existing negative stereotypes of Russia as the aggressive and barbarian power able to threaten the British interests in the Eastern Mediterranean. The press was divided along party lines yet the general picture was similar despite its liberal or conservative affiliations. The factor determining the ultimate attitude of the press towards Russia was the security of British possession.
Iwona Sakowicz‑Tebinka
Studia Historica Gedanensia, Tom 10 (2019), 2019, pp. 180-189
https://doi.org/10.4467/23916001HG.19.013.12354“The Penny Magazine” was created as a cheap periodical fulfilling both the entertaining and educational role. Financed by the “Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge”, magazine aimed at working class. Its purpose was to supply uneducated readers with information on non‑controversial topics. The whole enterprise lasted from 1832 to 1845.
Despite the ambitious goal the educational value of “The Penny Magazine” was limited. Some knowledge of history was already necessary for understanding the articles. Yet there was another dimension of education that the editor of “The Penny Magazine” seemed to aspire to – the shaping of collective identities. Historical education played an important role as a factor in nation building. “The Penny Magazine” was constantly presenting ideas of freedom as a bond unifying members of the nation around shared, common values transgressing the social class distinction.