<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <processing-meta tagset-family="jats" base-tagset="publishing" mathml-version="2.0" table-model="xhtml"/>
    <front>
                        
                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>1897-1059</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>INDETERMINACY IN VERBAL COMMUNICATION: A RELEVANCE-THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF APHORISMS</article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Jodłowiec</surname>
                                <given-names>Maria</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
                                                </contrib-group>

                                                                                        <aff id="aff-1">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>Jagiellonian University in Kraków</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                            
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Maria Jodłowiec <email></email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2016-06-15">
                    <day>15</day>
                    <month>06</month>
                    <year>2016</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>Volume 133, Issue 1</volume>
            <issue>2016</issue>
                        <fpage>7</fpage>
                                    <lpage>19</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2016</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                            </permissions>

            <funding-group specific-use="Crossref">
                <funding-statement></funding-statement>
            </funding-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <body>
        &lt;p&gt;Indeterminacy of meaning, which has to do with vagueness of the underlying speaker’s intention, is a pervasive phenomenon in human communication, but researchers hardly ever address the issue, as it is notoriously difficult to account for. The relevance-theoretic notion of weak communication offers a viable explanation of how this phenomenon can be approached. This paper argues that weak communication and its satellite, that is, poetic effects, prove particularly useful to account for how aphorisms work. The focus is on showing that the process of aphorism comprehension, underlain by meaning indeterminacy, and certain intrinsic characteristics of the genre find a reasonable and comprehensive explanation when looked at through the lens of Relevance Theory.&lt;/p&gt;
    </body>
    <back>
                    <ref-list>
                                                                                <ref id="B1">
                            <label>1</label>
                            <article-title>Ángel-Lara M. 2011. Aphorisms: problems of ‘empirically-based research’. – Orbis Literatum 63.3: 194–214.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B2">
                            <label>2</label>
                            <article-title>Brożek B. 2014. Granice interpretacji. Kraków.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B3">
                            <label>3</label>
                            <article-title>Carston R. 1999. The semantics/pragmatics distinction: A view from relevance theory. – Turner K. (ed.). The semantics/pragmatics  interface from different points of view. Oxford: 85–125.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B4">
                            <label>4</label>
                            <article-title>Carston R. 2002. Thoughts and utterances. The pragmatics of explicit communication. Malden (USA).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B5">
                            <label>5</label>
                            <article-title>Carston R. 2005. A note on pragmatic principles of least effort. – UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 17: 271–278.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B6">
                            <label>6</label>
                            <article-title>Carston R. 2009. The explicit/implicit distinction in pragmatics and the limits of explicit communication. – International Review of Pragmatics 1.1: 35–62.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B7">
                            <label>7</label>
                            <article-title>Carston R. 2012. Relevance theory. – Russell G., Graff Fara D. (eds.). Routledge companion to the philosophy of language. London: 163–176.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B8">
                            <label>8</label>
                            <article-title>Dascal M. 2003. Interpretation and understanding. Amsterdam.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B9">
                            <label>9</label>
                            <article-title>Geary J. 2005. The world in a phrase. New York.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B10">
                            <label>10</label>
                            <article-title>Gross J. 1983. The Oxford book of aphorism. Oxford.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B11">
                            <label>11</label>
                            <article-title>Jodłowiec M. 2015. The challenges of explicit and implicit communication: A relevance-theoretic approach. Frankfurt am Main.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B12">
                            <label>12</label>
                            <article-title>Kuźniak M. 2005. Combing ‘Unkempt thoughts’. The aphorism: A cognitive-axiological study of Myśli nieuczesane by St. J. Lec. Wrocław.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B13">
                            <label>13</label>
                            <article-title>Morson G. 2003. The aphorism: Fragments from the breakdown of reason. – New Literary History 34.3: 409–429.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B14">
                            <label>14</label>
                            <article-title>Morson G. 2012. The long and short of it: From aphorism to novel. Stanford.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B15">
                            <label>15</label>
                            <article-title>Searle J. 1992. The rediscovery of the mind. Cambridge (USA).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B16">
                            <label>16</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Cara F., Girotto V. 1995. Relevance theory explains the selection task. – Cognition 57: 31–95.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B17">
                            <label>17</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Wilson D. 1986/95. Relevance: Communication and cognition. Oxford.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B18">
                            <label>18</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Wilson D. 1987. Précis of Relevance: Communication and Cognition. – Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10: 697–754.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B19">
                            <label>19</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Wilson D. 2002. Pragmatics, modularity and mind-reading. – Mind &amp;amp; Language 17: 3–23.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B20">
                            <label>20</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Wilson D. 2005. Pragmatics. – UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 17: 353–388. [Reprinted in – Jackson F., Smith M. (eds.). Oxford handbook of contemporary philosophy. 2005. Oxford: 68–501].</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B21">
                            <label>21</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Wilson D. 2008. A deflationary account of metaphors. – Gibbs R. (ed.). The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge: 84–105.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B22">
                            <label>22</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Wilson D. 2012. Introduction: pragmatics. – Wilson D., Sperber D. (eds.). Meaning and relevance. Cambridge: 1–27.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B23">
                            <label>23</label>
                            <article-title>Sperber D., Wilson D. 2015. Beyond speaker’s meaning. – Croatian Journal of Philosophy 15.44: 117–149.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B24">
                            <label>24</label>
                            <article-title>Stephenson R.H. 1980. On the widespread use of an inappropriate and restricted model of the literary aphorism. – Modern Language Review 75: 1–17.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B25">
                            <label>25</label>
                            <article-title>Wilson D. 2011. Relevance and the interpretation of literary works. – UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 23: 69–80.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B26">
                            <label>26</label>
                            <article-title>Wilson D. 2014. Relevance theory. – UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 26. [available at: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/linguistics/publications/wp/14papers/wilson].</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B27">
                            <label>27</label>
                            <article-title>Wilson D., Sperber D. 1991. Inference and implicature. – Davis S. (ed.). Pragmatics: A reader. Oxford: 377–393.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B28">
                            <label>28</label>
                            <article-title>Wilson D., Sperber D. 2002. Truthfulness and relevance. – Mind 111: 583–632.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B29">
                            <label>29</label>
                            <article-title>Wilson D., Sperber D. 2004. Relevance theory. – Horn L., Ward G. (eds.). The handbook of pragmatics. Oxford: 607–632.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B30">
                            <label>30</label>
                            <article-title>Wolf M. 1994. The aphorism. – Et Cetera: A Review of General Semantics 51.4: 432–439.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                </ref-list>
            </back>
</article>
