0065-1583 Jagiellonian University in Kraków 250 years of Tintinnid Studies: Modern Era Workers Dolan John R. author Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, CNRS-Sorbonne Université UMR7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, IMEV, Station Zoologique Correspondence to: John R. Dolan john.dolan@imev-mer.fr 04 05 2026 Volume 65 2026 27 41 Copyright © 2026 2026 The first part of the 250 year history of tintinnid studies, “Pioneers of Tintinnid Studies,” traced the beginnings of the study of tintinnids from the first description in 1776, up to the appearance of Kofoid and Campbell’s 1929 monograph. Here the second part of the history is presented, the studies of the “Modern Era,” the period of 1930 to 2025, during which time over 700 works focused on tintinnids have been published. In this review, the modern history of tintinnid studies is traced through brief portrayals, vignettes, of 55 workers who have made significant contributions to our knowledge of living tintinnids over the last nearly 100 years. The vignettes show that a remarkable diversity of researchers have been engaged in tintinnid studies, from the early years up to the present day and the changes, with time, in the types of studies conducted. Finally, some of the interconnections among the modern era researchers are given suggesting that an early exposure to tintinnids, through an advisor or mentor, has characterized many tintinnid researchers. 1 Abboud-Abi Saab M. (1989) Distribution and ecology of Tintinnids in the plankton of Lebanese coastal waters (eastern Mediterranean). J. Plankton Res. 11: 203–222 2 Abboud-Abi Saab M. (2012) Tintinnids of the Lebanese Coastal Waters. CNRS-Lebanon 3 Abboud-Abi Saab M., Fakhri M., Kassab M.-T. (2012) Effect of chemical input on the temporal and spatial abundance of tintinnid ciliates in Lebanese coastal waters (Eastern Mediterranean). J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environ. 18: 299–328 4 Agatha S., Laval-Peuto M., Simon P. (2012) The tintinnid lorica. In: J. R. Dolan, D. J. S. Montagnes, S. Agatha, D. W. Coats, D. K. Stoecker (Eds.), The biology and ecology of tintinnid ciliates: Models for marine plankton, Oxford: Wiley–Blackwell, pp. 17–41 5 Agatha S., Strüder-Kypke M. C. (2012) Systematics and evolution of tintinnid ciliates. In: J. R. Dolan, D. J. S. Montagnes, S. Agatha, D. W. Coats, D. K. Stoecker (Eds.), The biology and ecology of tintinnid ciliates: Models for marine plankton, Oxford: Wiley–Blackwell, pp. 42–84 6 Agatha S., Weißenbacher B., Böll L., Ganser M. H. (2025) Morphologic changes in the model tintinnid Schmidingerella (Alveolata, Ciliophora) during the cell cycle, including the first volumetric analyses of the lorica-forming material. BMC Microbiol. 25: 88 7 Alder V. A. (1999) Tintinnoinea. In: D. Boltovskoy (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton, Backhuys, Amsterdam, vol. 1, pp. 321–384 8 Alder V. A., Boltovskoy D. (1991) Microplanktonic distributional patterns west of the Antarctic Peninsula, with special emphasis on the Tintinnids. Pol. Biol. 11: 103–112 9 Anon. (2001) In Memoriam: Estela de Sousa e Silva (1921–2000). Harmful Algae News 22: 11 10 Anon. (2004) Dr. Charles Carroll Davis. Memorial University of Newfoundland Gazette 36: 2 11 Bachy C., Dolan J. R., López-García P., Deschamps P., Moreira D. (2013) Accuracy of protist diversity assessments: Morphology compared with cloning and direct pyrosequencing of 18S rRNA genes and ITS regions using the conspicuous tintinnid ciliates as a case study. ISME J. 7: 244–255 12 Bachy C., Moreira D., Dolan J. R., López-García P. (2014) Seasonal dynamics of free-living tintinnid ciliate communities revealed by environmental sequences from the North-West Mediterranean Sea. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 87: 330–342 13 Balech E. (1942) Tintinnoineos del Estrecho Le Marie. Physis 19: 245–252 14 Balech E. (1959) Tintinnoinea del Mediterraneo. Trabajos del Institudo Espanol de Oceanografia 28: 82 pp. 15 Balkis N. (2004) Tintinnids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) of the Büyükçekmece Bay in the Sea of Marmara. Scientia Marina 68: 33–44 16 Balkis N., Wasik A. (2005) Species composition of the tintinnids found in the neritic water of Bozcaada Island, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 14: 327–333 17 Balkıs Özdelice N., Toklu Alıçlı B., Durmuş T. (2019) Distribution of ciliates in relation to environmental parameters in two Gulfs of Kapıdağ Peninsula (The Sea of Marmara). Acta Aquatica Turcica 15: 469–480 18 Barría de Cao M. S. (1981) Contribución al Conocimiento de los Tintinnoineos (Ciliata, Protozoa) de la zona de Bahía Blanca. Contrib. Cient. Inst. Argentino Oceanogr. 61: 1–70 19 Barria de Cao M. S., Pettigrosso R. E., Popovich C. (1997) Planktonic ciliates during a diatom bloom in Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina. II. Tintinnids. Oebalia 23: 21–31 20 Barria de Cao M. S., Beigt D., Piccolo C. (2005) Temporal variability of diversity and biomass of tintinnids (Ciliophora) in a southwestern Atlantic temperate estuary. J. Plankton Res. 27: 1103–1111 21 Bernard C., Rassoulzadegan F. (1993) The role of picoplankton (cyanobacteria and plastidic picoflagellates) in the diet of tintinnids. J. Plankton Res. 15: 361–373 22 Bojanic N. (2007) Seasonal variability in abundance and biomass of tintinnids in Kastela Bay (Middle Adriatic Sea). Rapp. Comm. Explor. Scien. Mer Médit. 38: 438 23 Bojanić N., Vidjak O., Šolić M., Krstulović N., Brautović I., Matijević S., Marasović I. (2012) Community structure and seasonal dynamics of tintinnid ciliates in Kaštela Bay (middle Adriatic Sea). J. Plankton Res. 34: 510–530 24 Boltovskoy D., Dinofrio E. O., Alder V. A. (1990) Intraspecific variability in Antarctic tintinnids: The Cymatocylis affinis/convallaria species group. J. Plankton Res. 12: 403–413 25 Boltovskoy D., Vivequin S. M., Swanberg, N. R. (1991) Vertical distribution of tintinnids and associated microplankton in the upper layer of the Barents Sea. Sarsia 76: 141–151 26 Boltovskoy D., Vivequin S. M., Swanberg N. R. (1995) Tintinnids and other microplankton from the Greenland Sea: Abundance and distribution in the marginal ice zone (MayJune 1989). Mar. Ecol. 16: 117–131 27 Buskey E. J., Stoecker D. K. (1989) Behavioral responses of the marine tintinnid Favella sp. to phytoplankton: Influence of chemical, mechanical and photic stimuli. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 132: 1–16 28 Capriulo G. M. (1982) Feeding of field collected tintinnid microzooplankton on natural food. Mar. Biol. 71: 73–86 29 Capriulo G. M., Ninivaggi D. V. (1982) A comparison of the feeding activities of field collected tintinnids and copepods fed identical natural particle assemblages. Ann. Inst. Océanogr. 58 (S): 325–334 30 Choi J. K., Coats D. W., Brownlee D. C., Small E. B. (1992) Morphology and infraciliature of three species of Eutintinnus (Ciliophora; Tintinnina) with guidelines for interpreting protargolstained tintinnine ciliates. J. Protozool. 39: 80–92 31 Claparède E., Lackmann J. (1858) Etudes sur les infusoires et rhizopodes. Mém. Inst. Nation. Genevois 5: 1–260 32 Coats D. W. (1988) Duboscquella cachoni n. sp., a parasitic dinoflagellate lethal to its tintinnine host Eutintinnus pectinis. J. 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