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                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>2082-7695</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>NATO’s Response to the New Implementation Area of the „Russian World” Concept: A 360‑Degree Approach</article-title>
                                    <article-title>Odpowiedź NATO na nowe obszary wdrażania koncepcji „rosyjskiego świata”: podejście 360‑stopni</article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Biçer</surname>
                                <given-names>Rüştü Salim Savaş</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
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                                                                                        <aff id="aff-1">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>İstanbul Nişantaşı Üniversitesi</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                            
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Rüştü Salim Savaş Biçer <email></email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15">
                    <day>15</day>
                    <month>12</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>Tom 19</volume>
            <issue>2025</issue>
                        <fpage>171</fpage>
                                    <lpage>199</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2025</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
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    <body>
        This article explores NATO’s multifaceted strategic responses to the increasingly sophisticated and expansive „Russian World” concept. This geopolitical framework seeks to project Russian influence across post‑Soviet space and beyond. Rooted in a vision of cultural and political unity, the „Russian World” aims to expand Moscow’s sphere of control by fostering pro‑Russian sentiment, destabilizing neighboring governments, and asserting influence over international organizations. The article comprehensively analyzes NATO’s 360‑degree approach, a holistic strategy incorporating political, military, economic, and informational elements to counteract Russia’s growing regional and global ambitions.&lt;br /&gt;The political dimension of NATO’s response involves strengthening alliances and partnerships with countries on Russia’s periphery, enhancing diplomatic outreach, and reinforcing collective defense commitments. Militarily, NATO has adjusted its posture by increasing its presence in Eastern Europe, conducting joint exercises, and improving interoperability among member states. Economically, the alliance has leveraged sanctions and established strategic partnerships with key global players to isolate Russia and limit its economic influence. Lastly, NATO’s informational strategy aims to counter Russian disinformation campaigns and raise public awareness of Russian influence operations. Through this integrated approach, NATO seeks to safeguard regional stability, deter further Russian expansion, and protect the values of liberal democracy in Europe and beyond.&lt;br /&gt;The article also examines the evolving challenges NATO faces, including internal divisions within the alliance, Russia’s hybrid warfare tactics, and the role of emerging technologies in shaping the future of warfare. By analyzing these factors, the article highlights NATO’s adaptability and resilience in response to a dynamic and unpredictable geopolitical landscape. It concludes that NATO’s comprehensive 360‑degree approach will be crucial in countering the long term threats posed by the „Russian World” concept.
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    <back>
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</article>
