<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <processing-meta tagset-family="jats" base-tagset="publishing" mathml-version="2.0" table-model="xhtml"/>
    <front>
                        
                        <journal-meta>
            <issn>1506-9729</issn>
                                </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <title-group>
                                    <article-title>Privacy in Jewish Sources</article-title>
                                    <article-title></article-title>
                            </title-group>

                        <contrib-group>
                                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Diemling</surname>
                                <given-names>Maria </given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"/>
                        </contrib>
                                            <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                            <name>
                                <surname>Green</surname>
                                <given-names>Michaël</given-names>
                            </name>
                            <role>author</role>
                                                                                                                                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                                                                                        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-2"/>
                        </contrib>
                                                </contrib-group>

                                                                                        <aff id="aff-1">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>Canterbury Christ Church University, Wielka Brytania</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                                                                                            <aff id="aff-2">
                    <institution-wrap>
                        <institution>University of Lodz</institution>
                                            </institution-wrap>
                </aff>
                            
            <author-notes>
                                    <corresp id="cor-1">Correspondence to: Maria  Diemling <email>maria.diemling@canterbury.ac.uk</email></corresp>
                                    <corresp id="cor-2">Correspondence to: Michaël Green <email>michael.green@filhist.uni.lodz.pl</email></corresp>
                            </author-notes>

                            <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2023-12-14">
                    <day>14</day>
                    <month>12</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
            
            <volume>Nr 2 (52)</volume>
            <issue>2023</issue>
                        <fpage>279</fpage>
                                    <lpage>295</lpage>
            
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2023</copyright-statement>
                                    <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
                            </permissions>

            <funding-group specific-use="Crossref">
                <funding-statement>This article has been written within the framework of IDUB – Initiative for Excellence – Research University at the University of Łódź.</funding-statement>
            </funding-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <body>
        &lt;p&gt;The article introduces key concepts related to research into the historical notions of privacy, provides a brief historiographical overview, and discusses methodological tools that allow the researcher to examine privacy in primary sources. The second part discusses examples of the Jewish lived experience in the early modern period that were not only shaped by Jewish legal discourses but by the specific living conditions of an ethno-religious minority. The article offers some suggestions as to how privacy could have been understood in early modern Jewish communities and how individuals may have negotiated it in regards to the concepts of home, intimacy, gender, and notions of secrecy.&lt;/p&gt;
    </body>
    <back>
                    <ref-list>
                                                                                                                    <ref id="B2">
                            <label>2</label>
                            <article-title>Difenbach, Martin, Judaeus Convertendus, Oder verschiedene Urtheile und Vorschläge… (Frankfurt am Main, 1696).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B3">
                            <label>3</label>
                            <article-title>Melamed, Yitzhak Y.; Socher, Abraham P. (eds.), The Autobiography of Solomon Maimon: The Complete Translation, trans. Paul Reitter (Princeton, 2018).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B4">
                            <label>4</label>
                            <article-title>Turniansky, Chava (ed.), Glikl: Memoirs 1691–1719, trans. Sara Friedman (Waltham, 2019).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                                                        <ref id="B6">
                            <label>6</label>
                            <article-title>Ariès, Philippe; Duby, Georges (eds.), A History of Private Life, vol. 3: Roger Chartier (ed.), Passions of the Renaissance, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, 1989).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B7">
                            <label>7</label>
                            <article-title>Aron-Beller, Katherine, Jews on Trial: The Papal Inquisition in Modena, 1598–1638 (Manchester, 2011).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B8">
                            <label>8</label>
                            <article-title>Bamberger, Kenneth A. with Mayse, Ariel Evan, “Pre-Modern Insights for Post-Modern Privacy: Jewish Law Lessons for the Big Data Age,” Journal of Law and Religion 36 (2021), no. 3.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B9">
                            <label>9</label>
                            <article-title>Bruun, Mette Birkedal, “Towards an Approach to Early Modern Privacy: The Retirement of the Great Condé,”in Michaël Green, Lars Cyril Nørgaard, Mette Birkedal Bruun (eds.), Early Modern Privacy: Sources and Approaches (Leiden–Boston, 2022).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B10">
                            <label>10</label>
                            <article-title>Carlebach, Elisheva, “Fallen Women and Fatherless Children: Jewish Domestic Servants in Eighteenth-Century Altona,” Jewish History 24 (2010), no. 3/4.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B11">
                            <label>11</label>
                            <article-title>Cowen Orlin, Lena, Locating Privacy in Tudor London (Oxford, 2007).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B12">
                            <label>12</label>
                            <article-title>Cressy, David, “Response: Private Lives, Public Performance, and Rites of Passage,”in Betty S. Travitsky, Adele F. Seeff (eds.), Attending to Women in Early Modern England (Newark, 1994).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B13">
                            <label>13</label>
                            <article-title>da Silva Perez, Natália (ed.), Privacy and the Private in Early Modern Dutch Contexts (special issue), Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis / Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 18 (2021), no. 3.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B14">
                            <label>14</label>
                            <article-title>Dekker, Rudolf M. (ed.), Egodocuments and History: Autobiographical Writing in Its Social Context since the Middle Ages (Hilversum, 2002).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B15">
                            <label>15</label>
                            <article-title>Dekker, Rudolf M., “Ego-Documents in the Netherlands 1500–1814,” Dutch Crossing 39 (1989).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B16">
                            <label>16</label>
                            <article-title>Deutsch, Yaacov, Judaism in Christian Eyes: Ethnographic Descriptions of Jews and Judaism in Early Modern Europe (Oxford, 2012).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B17">
                            <label>17</label>
                            <article-title>Diemling, Maria, “Anthonius Margaritha and His ‘Der Gantz Jüdisch Glaub’,”in Dean Phillip Bell, Stephen G. Burnett (eds.), Jews, Judaism and the Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Germany (Leiden, 2006).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B18">
                            <label>18</label>
                            <article-title>Elias, Norbert, The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations, revised edition, trans. Edmund Jephcott (Malden–Oxford 2000 [1939]).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B19">
                            <label>19</label>
                            <article-title>Glickman, Mark, Stolen Words: The Nazi Plunder of Jewish Books (Lincoln, 2016).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B20">
                            <label>20</label>
                            <article-title>Green, Michaël, “‘For My Personal Use’: Notions of Privacy in Egodocuments from Early Modern Amsterdam,”in Michaël Green, Ineke Huysman (eds.), Private Life and Privacy in Early Modern Low Countries (Turnhout, 2023).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B21">
                            <label>21</label>
                            <article-title>Green, Michaël, “Public and Private in Jewish Egodocuments of Amsterdam (ca. 1680–1830),”in Michaël Green, Lars Cyril Nørgaard, Mette Birkedal Bruun (eds.), Early Modern Privacy: Sources and Approaches (Leiden–Boston, 2022).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B22">
                            <label>22</label>
                            <article-title>Green, Michaël, “Spaces of Privacy in Dutch Early Modern Egodocuments,” in Natália da Silva Perez (ed.), Privacy and the Private in Early Modern Dutch Contexts (special issue), Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis /Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 18 (2021), no. 3.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B23">
                            <label>23</label>
                            <article-title>Green, Michaël; Nørgaard, Lars Cyril; Bruun, Mette Birkedal (eds.), Early Modern Privacy: Sources and Approaches (Leiden–Boston, 2022).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B24">
                            <label>24</label>
                            <article-title>Habermas, Jürgen, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, trans. Thomas Burger, Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, 1989).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B25">
                            <label>25</label>
                            <article-title>Horowitz, Elliott, “As Others See Jews,”in Nicholas de Lange, Miri Freud-Kandel (eds.), Modern Judaism: An Oxford Guide (Oxford, 2005).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B26">
                            <label>26</label>
                            <article-title>Huebert, Ronald, Privacy in the Age of Shakespeare (Toronto–Buffalo–London, 2016).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B27">
                            <label>27</label>
                            <article-title>Jütte, Daniel, The Age of Secrecy: Jews, Christians, and the Economy of Secrets, 1400–1800, trans. Jeremiah Riemer (New Haven, 2015).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B28">
                            <label>28</label>
                            <article-title>Jütte, Daniel, “‘They Shall Not Keep Their Doors or Windows Open’: Urban Space and the Dynamics of Conflict and Contact in Premodern Jewish–Christian Relations,” European History Quarterly 46 (2016), no. 2.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B29">
                            <label>29</label>
                            <article-title>Kaplan, Benjamin J., Divided by Faith: Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2007).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B30">
                            <label>30</label>
                            <article-title>Kaplan, Debra, “Women and Worth: Female Access to Property in Early Modern Urban Jewish Communities,” The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 55 (2010), no. 1.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B31">
                            <label>31</label>
                            <article-title>Kay, Devra (ed., trans., comment.), Seyder Tkhines: The Forgotten Book of Common Prayer for Jewish Women (Philadelphia, 2004).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B32">
                            <label>32</label>
                            <article-title>Kistemaker, Renée E., “The Public and the Private: Public Space in Sixteenthand Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam,”in Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr. and Adele F. Seeff (eds.), The Public and Private in Dutch Culture of the Golden Age (Newark, 2000).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B33">
                            <label>33</label>
                            <article-title>Korpiola, Mia, “Early Modern Swedish Law and Privacy: A Legal Right in Embryo,”in Michaël Green, Lars Cyril Nørgaard, Mette Birkedal Bruun (eds.), Early Modern Privacy: Sources and Approaches (Leiden–Boston, 2022).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B34">
                            <label>34</label>
                            <article-title>Liberles, Robert, “On the Threshold of Modernity: 1618–1780,”in Marion A. Kaplan (ed.), Jewish Daily Life in Germany: 1618–1945 (Oxford, 2005).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B35">
                            <label>35</label>
                            <article-title>Longfellow, Erica, “Public, Private, and the Household in Early Seventeenth-Century England,” Journal of British Studies 45 (2006), no. 2.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B36">
                            <label>36</label>
                            <article-title>Margulis, Stephen T., “Privacy as a Social Issue and Behavioral Concept,” Journal of Social Issues 59 (2003), no. 2.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B37">
                            <label>37</label>
                            <article-title>Marienberg, Evyatar, “A Mystery on the Tombstones, or: Menstruation in Early-Modern Ashkenazi Culture,” Women in Judaism 3 (2003), no. 2 (e-journal).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B38">
                            <label>38</label>
                            <article-title>Marienberg, Evyatar, “Traditional Jewish Sexual Practices and Their Possible Impact on Jewish Fertility and Demography,” Harvard Theological Review 106 (2013), no. 3.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B39">
                            <label>39</label>
                            <article-title>Michman, Dan (ed.), Emotions, Imaginations, Perceptions, Egos, Characteristics: Egodocuments in Dutch Jewish History (Amsterdam, 2021).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B40">
                            <label>40</label>
                            <article-title>Nauman, Sari; Vogt, Helle (eds.), Private/Public in 18th-Century Scandinavia (London, 2022).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B41">
                            <label>41</label>
                            <article-title>Riemer, Nathanael, “Das jüdische Haus in seiner Materialität,”in Nathanael Riemer (ed.), Einführungen in die materiellen Kulturen des Judentums (Wiesbaden, 2016).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B42">
                            <label>42</label>
                            <article-title>Safley, Thomas Max, “The Paradox of Secrecy: Merchant Families, Family Firms, and the Porous Boundaries between Private and Public Business Life in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe,”in Michaël Green, Lars Cyril Nørgaard, Mette Birkedal Bruun (eds.), Early Modern Privacy: Sources and Approaches (Leiden–Boston, 2022).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B43">
                            <label>43</label>
                            <article-title>Schacter, Jacob J., Rabbi Jacob Emden: Life and Major Works (unpublished PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1988).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B44">
                            <label>44</label>
                            <article-title>Schreiber, Arye, “Privacy in Jewish Law: A Historical and Conceptual Analysis,” Berachyahu Lifshitz (ed.), Jewish Law Annual 20 (2013).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B45">
                            <label>45</label>
                            <article-title>Shapiro, Stuart, “Places and Spaces: The Historical Interact ion of Technology, Home, and Privacy,” The Information Society 14 (1998), no. 4.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B46">
                            <label>46</label>
                            <article-title>Soyer, François, Antisemitic Conspiracy Theories in the Early Modern Iberian World: Narratives of Fear and Hatred (Leiden, 2019).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B47">
                            <label>47</label>
                            <article-title>Treue, Wolfgang, “‘Ich verlangte sehr, sie in ihren Synagogen zu sehen…’Juden und jüdisches Leben im Spiegel christlicher Reiseberichte des 16. und 17.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B48">
                            <label>48</label>
                            <article-title>Jahrhunderts,”in Birgit E. Klein, Rotraud Ries (eds.), Selbstzeugnisse und Ego-Dokumente frühneuzeitlicher Juden in Aschkenas: Beispiele, Methoden und Konzepte (Berlin, 2011).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B49">
                            <label>49</label>
                            <article-title>Viola, Valeria, “Secret Routes and Blurring Borders: The New Apartment of Giuseppe Papè di Valdina (Palermo, 1714–1742),”in Michaël Green, Lars Cyril Nørgaard, Mette Birkedal Bruun (eds.), Early Modern Privacy: Sources and Approaches (Leiden–Boston, 2022).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B50">
                            <label>50</label>
                            <article-title>Weissler, Chava, Voices of the Matriarchs: Listening to the Prayers of Early Modern Jewish Women (Boston, 1998).</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                    <ref id="B51">
                            <label>51</label>
                            <article-title>Zinger, Nimrod, “‘Like Puah and Shiphrah’: Jewish Midwives in Eighteenth-Century Germany,” Jewish Quarterly Review 112 (2022), no. 2.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                                                                                                        <ref id="B53">
                            <label>53</label>
                            <article-title>Website of the Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Privacy Studies: https://teol.ku.dk/privacy/about-privacy/.</article-title>
                        </ref>
                                                </ref-list>
            </back>
</article>
