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“Romanian October” Means Breakthroughs and Revaluations in Romania’s Foreign Policy in the First Half of the 60’s of the 20th Century (From the Windows of the Polish People’s Republic Embassy in Bucharest)

Data publikacji: 21.11.2024

Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne, 2024, Tom XXXIII, s. 113 - 137

https://doi.org/10.4467/2543733XSSB.24.007.20031

Autorzy

Krzysztof Nowak
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
ul. Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Polska
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Tytuły

“Romanian October” Means Breakthroughs and Revaluations in Romania’s Foreign Policy in the First Half of the 60’s of the 20th Century (From the Windows of the Polish People’s Republic Embassy in Bucharest)

Abstrakt

After the breakthrough of Polish October 1956, the substantive value of the information contained in the documentation of PPR diplomacy has undoubtedly increased, allowing a better understanding of international relations also between communist countries whose sovereignty was limited. This also applies to the foreign policy of Romania, whose activity in the first half of the 1960s, in the opinion of many historians, led to the country gaining considerable – compared to other Kremlin satellites – independence. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to show, on the basis of surviving sources, how PPR diplomacy perceived and assessed the transformation of Communist Romania’s foreign policy goals, directions and priorities during this period. These eventually led to Romania’s opening up to wider contacts with Western countries, but most importantly to Bucharest’s attempts to undermine the Soviet Union’s dictates in Eastern Bloc foreign policy, through such actions as vetoing Khrushchev’s plans to reform the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance and being cocksure about the Soviet-Chinese conflict. Changes also occurred on domestic grounds, mainly in the cultural sphere, in the form of a programmatic reduction of the influence of Russian and Slavic culture in general, a return to the world of Romanian culture, but also the rise of nationalist sentiment. The diplomacy observing the Romanian transformations and thus the PPR authorities generally supported the de-Stalinization of the “brotherly country” (it was even noted that Romanians referred to their own transition as the “Romanian October”), but were negative about any tendencies that challenged the Kremlin’s dominance in the Eastern Bloc’s foreign policy. The problem, however, was that at the root of the Romanian transition of the first half of the 1960s was also the desire of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej’s team to avoid a broader de-Stalinization campaign in order to continue in power.

Bibliografia

Pobierz bibliografię
Archives

Archiwum Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych w Warszawie – Departament I, Rumunia

Sources published

Documente fundamentale ale regimului communist din Romania (1848–1989), C. Stanciu (ed.), Târgovişte 2012.

Buga V., O vară fierbinte în relaţiile româno-sovietice. Convorbilire de la Moscova din julie 1964, Bucureşti 2012.

Marx K., Însemnări despre Români, Bacău 2014.

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Zbiór Dokumentów 1957, nr 11; 1960, nr 11–12.

Books and articles

Anton M., O vizită cu multe semne de întrebare: N.S. Hruşciov la Bucureşti 18–25 iunie 1962, “Archivele Totalitarismului” 2007, no. 3–4.

Boia L., Dlaczego Rumunia jest inna?, Kraków 2013.

Buga V., Lumini şi umbre. Relaţiile economice româno-sovietice 1965–1989, Bucureşti 2019.

Burakowski A., Geniusz Karpat. Dyktatura Nicolae Cauşescu 1965–1989, Warszawa 2008.

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Historia dyplomacji polskiej, vol. VI: 1944/1945–1989, W. Materski, W. Michowicza (eds.), Warszawa 2010.

Manea G.S., Un adulter în familia comunistă. România şi SUA în ani’60, Târgovişte 2016.

Retegan M., Conducerea PMR şi evenimentele din Polonia şi Ungaria 1956, “Arhivele Totalitarismului” 1995, no. 1.

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Internet

Informacje

Informacje: Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne, 2024, Tom XXXIII, s. 113 - 137

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Angielski: “Romanian October” Means Breakthroughs and Revaluations in Romania’s Foreign Policy in the First Half of the 60’s of the 20th Century (From the Windows of the Polish People’s Republic Embassy in Bucharest)

Autorzy

Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
ul. Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Polska

Publikacja: 21.11.2024

Status artykułu: Otwarte __T_UNLOCK

Licencja: CC BY  ikona licencji

Udział procentowy autorów:

Krzysztof Nowak (Autor) - 100%

Informacje o autorze:

Krzysztof Nowak, Ph.D., prof. of the Silesian University, researcher at the Institute of History at the Silesian University in Katowice, from 2012 to 2019 head of the Department of Contemporary History after 1945, member of: the PAU’s Commission on Central Europe, the Program Council of the Polish-Czech Forum at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Balkan Studies Commission at the Poznan Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Historical Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Katowice. Research interests: history of Central and Eastern Europe, history of borderlands, nationality relations, Polish-Czech-Slovak relations, Polish-Romanian relations in the 20th century, history of Polonia, history of Cieszyn Silesia, history of Bukovina, history of tourism. Author of, among other works: Mniejszość polska w Czechosłowacji 1945–1989. Między nacjonalizmem a ideą internacjonalizmu [The Polish minority in Czechoslovakia 1945–1989. Between nationalism and the idea of internationalism], Cieszyn 2012 (with H. Walczak), Jeden naród o dwóch sztandarach: Przymierze polsko-rumuńskie (1918) 1921–1926. Dokumenty i materiały [One nation with two banners. The Polish-Romanian Alliance (1918) 1921–1926. Documents and materials], Warszawa 2020.

Korekty artykułu:

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Języki publikacji:

Angielski