Cyrillic Letters and the Slavonic Tongue in the service of the Ottomans (About Attempts at Labelling the Script and the Language in 15th–16th Centuries)
Wybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEData publikacji: 04.12.2025
Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne, 2025, Tom XXXIV, s. 11-30
https://doi.org/10.4467/2543733XSSB.25.002.22499Autorzy
Cyrillic Letters and the Slavonic Tongue in the service of the Ottomans (About Attempts at Labelling the Script and the Language in 15th–16th Centuries)
Despite the fact that three main official languages were used in the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Persian), in the 15th–16th centuries, the Ottomans also used Slavonic tongue and Cyrillic letters in pragmatic literacy (letters, edicts, charters), diplomacy, and communication with their vassal states and neighbouring countries. However, the language and the script were labelled with different names by 15th–16th-century authors. The main aim of the work is to present, compare, and analyse some terms (used as glossonyms and/or graphonyms) found in medieval and early modern sources created in various European states. Additionally, the article tries to consider why the Ottomans decided to use the language and the script. Moreover, it sheds light on a Slavonic and Cyrillic network, formed and developed by the Ottomans in reference to former (Christian and South Slavic) patterns, employed in Slavonic chanceries of medieval Balkan states.
Bassano L. (da Zara), I costumi et i modi particolari della vita de’ Turchi, Rome 1545, (online): https://books.google.pl/books?id=hi-Y2tjSXmgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=herodian&f=false (date accessed: 02.06.2024).
Bohorič A., Arcticae horulae succisivae, Wittenberg 1584, (online): http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-XJXCBRP9 (date accessed: 22.04.2024).
Boškov V., Odnos srpske i turske diplomatike, “Jugoslovenski istorijski časopis” 1980, vol. 19 (no 3–4), pp. 219–234.
Botero G., Relatiae powszechne. Abo nowiny pospolite, transl. Paweł Łęczycki, Kraków 1613 [1589], (online): http://polona.pl/item-view/9dbefd43-8a10-429f-aa23-a7cf7857d6e4?page=0 (date accessed: 15.04.2024).
British Library (BL) in London, “Firman of Selim Khan” (1519), Add. MS 8160.
Britnell R. (ed.), Pragmatic literacy: East and West, 1200–1330, Woodbridge 1997.
Budziński S. (ed.), Jana Krasińskiego Polska, czyli opisanie topograficzno–polityczne Polski w wieku XVI oraz materiały do panowania Henryka Walezyusza, Warszawa 1852.
Central Archives of Historical Records (AGAD ) in Warsaw, the Crown Archives, the Turkish Section, 1455, box 66, folder 1, no. 1.
Čremošnik G., Srpska diplomatska minuskula, “Slovo” 1963, vol. 13, pp. 119–136.
Dziekan M., Życie i dzieło bośniackiego pisarza muzułmańskiego Muhameda Hevaiego Uskufiego (XVII w.), in: Estetyczne aspekty literatury polskich, białoruskich i litewskich Tatarów (od XVI do XXI w.), G. Czerwiński, A. Konopacki (eds.), Białystok 2015, pp. 255–279.
Elezović G., Turski spomenici, vol. 1 (no 1), Beograd 1940.
Ferguson H., The Proper Order of Things: Language, Power, and Law in Ottoman Administrative Discourses, Stanford 2018.
Fine J. V.A. (Jr.), When Ethnicity did not Matter in the Balkans. A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods, Ann Arbor 2006.
Giovio P., Comentario de la cose de’ Turchi, Rome 1535, (online): http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_rvcZNdMyHLEC/page/n33/mode/2up (date accessed: 02.06.2024).
Grčević M., Povijesni glotonim “srpski” u starijoj hrvatskoj književnojezičnoj tradiciji, in: Dubrovnik u hrvatskoj povijesti. Zbornik radova u čast akademiku Nenadu Vekariću, M. Grčević, N. Vekarić (eds.), Zagreb 2019, pp. 123–157.
Horvat V., Apologija Bartola Kašića, “Filologija” 2011, vol. 57, pp. 67–132.
Isailović N., Krstić A., Serbian Language and Cyrillic Script as a Means of Diplomatic Literacy in South Eastern Europe in 15th and 16th Centuries, in: Literacy Experiences Concerning Medieval and Early Modern Transylvania, S. Andea, A. C. Dincă (eds.), Cluj-Napoca 2015, pp. 185–195.
Ivić A., Istroija Srba u Ugarskoj od pada Smedereva do seobe pod Čarnojevićem (1459–1690), Zagreb 1914.
Ivić A., Neue cyrillische Urkunden aus den Wiener Archiven, “Archiv für slavische Philologie” 1909, vol. 30, pp. 205–214.
Ivić A., Pisma Hasan-paše Hercegovačkog iz god. 1573, “Spomenik Srpske kraljevske akademije” 1923, vol. 49, p. 20–26.
Ivić A., Šest srpskih pisama iz šesnaestog stoleća, “Prilozi za književnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor” 1925, vol. 5, pp. 133–140.
Ivić P., Pregled istorije srpskog jezika, Sremski Karlovci–Novi Sad 1998.
Jovanović G. (ed.), Konstantin Filozof. Povest o slovima (Skazanije o pismeneh). Žitije despota Stefana Lazarevića, Beograd 1989.
Jurić J., Pokušaj Zbora za širenje vjere god. 1627 da kod južnih Slavena uvede zajedničko pismo, “Croatia Sacra” 1934, vol. 4, pp. 143–174.
Kadushin Ch., Understanding Social Networks. Theories, Concepts, and Findings, Oxford 2012.
Karpov G., Štendman G. (eds.). 1895. Pamjatniki diplomatičeskix snošenij moskovskago gosudarstva s Krymom, Nagajami i Turcieju, vol. 2: 1508–1521 gg., in: Sbornik imperatorskago russkago istoričeskago obščestva, vol. 95, G. Karpov, G. Štendman (eds.), Sankt-Peterburg 1895.
Kolendić P., Sofijski nadbiskup fra Petar Bogdan Bakšić, “Glasnik Skopskog naučnog društva” 1927, vol. 2, (no. 1–2), pp. 67–92.
Kołodziejczyk D., Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations (15th–18th Centuries). An Annoted Edition of ‘Ahdnames’ and Other Documents, Leiden–Boston 2000.
Kostić M., Srpski jezik kao diplomatski jezik Jugoistočne Evrope od XV.–XVIII. v., Skoplje 1924.
Kovač K., Nekoliko slavjenskih listina, “Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini” 1912, vol. 24, pp. 397–412.
Kowalczyk M. (ed.), Jana Długosza Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego, vol. 11/12: 1431–1444, transl. J. Mrukówna, Warszawa 2009.
Kukuljević-Sakcinski I., Odnošaji skupovlade mletačke naprema južnim Slavenom. Izvadjeni iż ljetopisah Marina Sanuda, “Arhiv za povjesnicu jugoslavensku” 1859, vol. 5, pp. 1–100.
Library of Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN ) in Kórnik, the Polish–Ottoman–Crimean agreement (1595), Turcica (Turkish and Tatar documents and correspondence), BK01874.
Ljubić S., Tursko–mletačke listine, “Starine jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti” 1878, vol. 10, pp. 1–19.
Lonicero Ph., Chronicorum Turcicorum, Frankfurt am Main 1578 [1568], (online): http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3WofaEJSVUMC/page/n3/mode/2up (date accessed: 17.05.2024).
Lowry H., The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, New York 2003.
Malinowski M. (ed.), Kronika polska, litewska, żmudzka i wszystkiej Rusi Macieja Stryjkowskiego, vol. 1, Warszawa 1846.
Martius Narniensis G., De egregie, sapienter, iocose dictis ac factis regis Mathiae ad ducem Iohannem eius filium liber, L. Juhász (ed.), Leipzig 1934.
Meier Ch, Fourteen Years of Research at Münster into Pragmatic Literacy in the Middle Ages, in: Transforming the Medieval World. Uses of Pragmatic Literacy in the Middle Ages, F.J. Arlinghaus, M. Ostermann, O. Plessow, G. Tscherpel (eds.), Turnhout 2006, pp. 23–42.
Ménage V.L., The Gül-i ṣad-berg of Mesīḥī, “Osmanlı Araştırmaları – the Journal of Ottoman Studies” 1988, vol. 7–8, pp. 11–32.
Mišević M., How and Why was Slavic Learned at the Ottoman Court? Insight from the Fifteenth-Century Projects Dedicated to Learning Languages of the World, “Istorijski časopis” 2023, vol. 72, pp. 281–310.
Nakaš L., Portina slavenska kancelarija i njen utjecaj na pisare u prvom stoljeću osmanske uprave u Bosni, “Forum Bosnae” 2016, vol. 74/75, pp. 269–297.
Necipoğlu G., The Spatial Organization of Knowledge in the Ottoman Palace Library: An Encyclopedic Collection and its Inventory, in: Treasures of Knowledge. An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/3–1503/4), vol 1: Essays, G. Necipoğlu, C. Kafadar, C. H. Fleischer (eds.), Leiden–Boston 2019, pp. 1–77.
Nedeljković B., Nekoliko podataka o našem jeziku iz Arhiva Dubrovačke republike, “Istorijski časopis” 1982/1983, vol. 9/30, pp. 101–115.
Pedani Fabris M. P., Bombaci A., I “Documenti turchi” dell’ Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Venezia 1994.
Pigafetta M.A., Intinerario di Marc Antonio Pigafetta gentil’ huomo Vicentino, London 1585, (online): http://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_itinerario-di-marcantoni_pigafetta-marco-antonio_1585/mode/2up (date accessed: 05.05.2024).
Polomac V., Srpski kao diplomatski jezik na Porti krajem XV: na primeru pisma sultana Bajazita ugarskom kralju Matiju Karvinu, “Srpski jezik” 2002, vol. 28, pp. 95–115.
Postel G., Linguarum duodecim characteribus differentium alphabetum introduction, Paris 1538, (online): https://archive.org/details/linguarumduodeci00post/page/n87/mode/2up (date accessed: 25.04.2024).
Prell Ch., Social Network Analysis: History, Theory and Methodology, Los Angeles 2012.
Radojičić Đ., Srpsko–rumunski odnosi XIV–XVII veka, “Godišnjak Filozofskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu” 1956, vol. 1, pp. 13–29.
Radojčić N., Pet pisama s kraja XV veka, “Južnoslovenski filolog” 1953/1954, vol. 20, pp. 343–367.
Raukar T., O nekim problemima razvitka ćirilske minuskule (“bosančice“), “Historijski zbornik” 1968, vol. 1 (no. 7), pp. 85–499.
Rocca A., Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome 1591, (online): http://archive.org/details/bibliothecaapost00rocc (date accessed: 03.06.2024).
Sansovino F., Historia universale dell’origine, guerre, et imperio de Turchi, Venice 1654 [1568], (online): http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2TS8KgG_IfgC/page/n233/mode/2up (date accessed: 17.04.2024).
Stavrianos L., The Balkans since 1453, London 2000.
Stojanović Lj., Stare srpske povelje i pisma, vol. 1 (part 2), Beograd–Sremski Karlovci 1934.
Stolz B., Serbo–Croatian as a Balkan Diplomatic Language during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, “Zbornik Matice srpske za filologiju i lingvistiku” 1984/1985, vol. 27/28, pp. 747–759.
Šekularac B., Dukljansko-crnogorski istorijski obzori, Cetinje 2000.
Tomić J., Sedam srpskih pisama ćirilicom pisanih iz mletačkog arhiva, “Spomenik Srpske kraljevske akademije” 1898, vol. 31, pp. 70–75.
Truhelka Ć., Isprava Skender-baše od godine 1486, “Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini” 1894, vol. 4, pp. 608–610.
Unbegaun B., Četiri pisma turskogo sultana Selima I na srpskom jeziku, in: Xenia Slavica. Papers Presented to Gojko Ružičić on the Occasion of his Seventy–Fifth Birthday, 2 February 1969, R. Lencek, B. Unbegaun (eds.), Paris–the Hague 1975, pp. 222–228.
Vrečko E. (ed.), Primož Trubar. Nemški spisi 1550–1581, Ljubljana 2011.
Vučetić A., Spomenici dubrovački, “Srđ: list za književnost i nauku” 1907, vol. 9, pp. 431–432.
Woodhead Ch., Ottoman Languages, in: The Ottoman World, Ch. Woodhead (ed.), London–New York 2012, pp. 143–158.
Informacje: Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne, 2025, Tom XXXIV, s. 11-30
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Polska
Publikacja: 04.12.2025
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: CC BY 4.0
Finansowanie artykułu:
Udział procentowy autorów:
Informacje o autorze:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
AngielskiLiczba wyświetleń: 396
Liczba pobrań: 1042