This article offers an interpretation of Wiktor Woroszylski’s book of poetry The last time (Ostatni raz). The starting point is reflection on the late works of this author, with the writer's illness also playing an important role. However, the most important problem is a specific situation of understanding, that can be defined as the hermeneutics of dying. It is connected with self-understanding, gaining knowledge about one's own mortality and searching for the meaning of life. The problem is considered in several thematic areas, such as the death of Others, everyday life, hospital reality, life story, nature, God, writing, love. The analyzed situation refers to self-poetic experiencing the last period of life, consciously understanding as the process of dying (which, in turn, is understood as a gradual, understanding farewell to the world). Temporal dimension of understanding is important, as well as performative aspect of works and their specific form (autobiographicity, unconventional honesty, simplifying the form, irony, elegiac nature of poem, sketch-note).